I'm looking to bind a reactive fluorophore to poly (lactic acid) for the purpose of imaging it in confocal microscopy. Are there any dye binding suggestions that won't interfere with the structure of the PLA polymer chain?
There are many ways of grafting a fluorescent label onto PLA, but this would indeed possibly change the conformation of the polymer. Any reactive dye may also change the polymer conformation, so I would go for a dye that interacts with PLA by non-covalent interactions. I would suggest using fluorescein. It is a nice, general purpose, fluorescent label which I have used myself. In the attachment you can see that labeling PLA microspheres is one of the uses mentioned for this dye. You can also see with which other compounds it interacts so you can see if any interference is to be expected with other parts of you sample.
If you google Fluorescein and PLA you'll find plenty of articles with protocols, I would guess.