Danilo! One has to keep in mind the resources and expertise in hand before embarking on any vector control measures. In the poor resource settings as mentioned in your question source reduction may perhaps be the best strategy. Weekly larval surveys for Aedes mosquitoes in the potential breeding sites in and around the community households and destroying the larvae, wherever found, could well be the best possible strategy for Aedes control.

I would like to suport Dr. Anil Prakash recomendation. The best strategy is source reduction. There are some inovations in test, like the substitution of sylvatic Ae. aegypti for Ae. aegypti infected with a bacteria called Wolbachia, These Aedes are not able to transmit virus. But we have to wait for final results of this method.

Good afternoon. In Brazil our group work with ovitraps to monitor Aedes. The control is realized with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis if necessary. For example containers and other breending sites permanent.

Ambiental education is necessary. We use checklist and e-books. The materials they are in http://joaozequi.blogspot.com.br/2016/11/historias-em-quadrinhos-para-vigilancia.html

Thank very much

oBs. In order not to let ovitraps become breeding grounds, the survey should be weekly and use Bacillus also in the attractive

Dear, you will find useful information in links below:

journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005632

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012759/full

www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/95/8/16-189688/en/

Added aegypti control is gaining urgent attention for the suppression of deadly diseases like Dengue, Zika, chikengunia etc. It needs to be controlled by targeting not only adults but immature aquatic stages. A combination of larvicides and adulticides would be required for their suppression and hence reduction in the transmission of diseases. Awareness among the community about mosquito breeding habitats and active participation of community members is very important. Traditional methods involving the use of herbal oils is very helpful in mosquito population control.

I fully support Dr Anil Prakash. For countries with poor resources source reduction is best and it works. Educate local communities, generate awareness about mosquito breeding and involve them in source reduction.

As Dr Anil Prakash and others have noted, source reduction is the single most useful action that poorer communities can take to reduce Aedes abundance. Other useful steps: 1) Education aimed at helping community members recognize breeding habitat. 2) Identification of common breeding habitat; e.g., are Aedes breeding in trash (which can be cleaned up), in water storage jars (because of poor water supply) then supplying covers might be more useful. 3) Inexpensive ovicups (black plastic cups lined with heavy paper to collect Aedes eggs) collected weekly can identify areas of heaviest infestation, allow monitoring of source reduction progress , and contribute to reduction.

Source reduction and community participation while important and effective IVM tools cannot solve the problem alone. The ubiquitous presence of plastics and other human made containers in urban environments makes the task of source reduction insurmountable. The practice of wide area larvicide spaying (WALS) with Bti strain AM65-52 WG has been proven to control container Aedes and impact disease transmission. Spray drops will reach and control Aedes in hidden containers. It can be done efficiently in low resource environments with backpack sprayers. Here are some references:

https://search.proquest.com/openview/842097db08d2665a681cae85d1b62ba3/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=34824

Article Taming a Tiger in the City: Comparison of Motorized Backpack...

https://search.proquest.com/openview/35a72dd93a7193a9851cfaaa631e08c4/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=34824

Article BTI Misting for Control of Aedes in Cryptic Ground Container...

I agree that source reduction is still the best strategy and I believe in the use of Wolbachia bacteria as a very promising method.

Thank you very much for your answers and advices! Aedes-borne diseases, esp dengue, is a major problem in our locality in Mindanao, Philippines. I am on the search for the best combination of Aedes control that may be applicable to our locality in the Philippines. I will consider each of your answers and hope to synthesize the best method of control for us in the Philippines.

Try lethal ovitraps with best available toxicants in your contry.

Lure and kill strategy will also does the job, that needs to be explored at your location.

Good luck.

Dear Danilo:

In Colombia, the World Mosquito Program (WMP) is a non-profit initiative that works to protect the global community from mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika, dengue and chikungunya. The WMP introduces Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the primary vector of these viruses. Wolbachia are naturally occurring bacteria found in 60% of all insect species, and are safe for humans, animals and the environment.

Once mosquitoes with Wolbachia are released, they breed with wild mosquitoes. Over time, the majority of mosquitoes carry Wolbachia. These mosquitoes have a reduced ability to transmit viruses to people, decreasing the risk of Zika, dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in poorly planned urbanized tropical cities.

For additional information see the project being developed by the University of Antioquia in Colombia,, program PECET:

http://www.pecet-colombia.org/site/proyectos/drug-search-for-leishmaniasis?id=80

Best wishes,

Luis Miguel Constantino