In laser plasma sources. What is the best way in resolving the ions emitting of the source?
Many thanks
Rad
Dear Radhwan Alnaimi,
what do you mean 'resolving' the ions emitting'. The fraction of ions in the excited level?
Best regards,
Werner Müller
You can try using a Thomson parabola spectrometer. It resolves charge particles according to their charge-to-mass ratios.
It depends on several factors. TPS, as suggested by Malay Dalui, are surely a valuable choice, but they have long deployment times, since you have to design, realize and calibrate them.
Depending on the parameters of the ions you want to diagnose, a retarding potential analyzer (also known as electrostatic barrier) could be an easier option, specially if you'll deal with low energy ion beams. In this case too, the resolution of the ions depends on their charge to mass ratio.
Review of Scientific Instruments could be a good source of information, some details are available also there: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258239029_Proton_extraction_from_transition_metals_using_PLATONE?ev=prf_pub
Article Proton extraction from transition metals using PLATONE
Hi Domenico,
Many thanks for your answer and useful paper. I never realized that it is possible to resolve different state charges of ions using FC. You clearly managed to successfully do it in your work with Ta1+ & Ta2+ :)
Cheers,
Rad
Yes, you could discriminate ions also with a simple FC, but to get affordable results you have to obtain an estimate either for temperature or center-of-mass velocity of the beams (for each ion specie)
Hi Domenico,
Many thanks for the valuable answer. I have used the electro static analyzer and managed to resolve 15 ions in one go utilizing similar to your approach through TOF, charge to mass ratio, and kinetic energy. We are in the stage of refining results prior to publishing and will cite your work as a successful way in resolving ions of different charge states.
Cheers,
Rad
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