What would be best target (CuSe2 or Cu2Se) for RF sputtering deposition for CIGS thin films?

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What is the reason for decrease in the crystallite size of AZO as a function of annealing time?

For AZO films, the XRD results are showing an decrease in the crystallite size were measured using Scherrer's equation as a parameter of annealing time increases. Can some one suggest me that...

10 November 2017 8,333 4 View

Can any one explain the broadening of XRD peaks of CIGS nanoparticles?

Dear Researchers, I have prepared CuInxGa1-xSe2 nanocrystals by refluxed method. The obtained powder ware observed broadening in XRD peaks. What could be the reasons for broadening peaks. How i...

09 October 2016 9,240 3 View

XPS analysis for Al doped Zinc oxide?

ZnO 2p peaks for pure ZnO are observed at binding energies of1021.2 and 1044.2 eV, respectively. Binding energies for the Al-doped ZnO samples increase by 0.5 eV compared with the pure ZnO sample....

04 May 2016 8,357 3 View

Metal Oxides materials are most commonly used as a Transparent conductors, Why?

Instead of metal films(Ag), doped organic polymers or metal nitrides (TiN) why we are using oxides for TCOs. what is the main reasons for that.

31 December 2015 3,549 2 View

How thick is the buffer layer in solar cells?

How to determine the optimum buffer layer thickness for a solar cells. Is there any specific range for the buffer layer thickness or special equations from which we can calculate the same.

04 May 2015 4,852 7 View

Can someone please provide me with CIF files (crystallographic information file) of CoO,Co3O4,Sm2O3 (mono and cubic) and Smco5?

I need CIF files for CoO(rock salt), Co3O4 (spinnel), Sm2O3(cubic), Sm2O3 (monoclinic) and SmCo5(hcp) structures. How i can get the CIF files?

07 August 2014 4,275 4 View

How to find unstrained lattice spacing in the directions of the Cr(substrate) and Cr2O3 overgrowth.

Directions 1 : [1 -1 0] // [1 1 -2 0] and Direction 2: [0 0 1]//[1 -1 0 0] . Cr is a substrate; Cr2O3 is a grown film. Film grown on Cr{1 1 0}

07 August 2014 6,986 5 View

Can someone please provide me with force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy?

How can I analyze from a force - distance curve data for a required sample? What is the important of Force-Distance curves in AFM? What type of data I will get from Force-Distance curves?

07 August 2014 7,783 7 View

How can I find out misfit value between substrate and film?

How does one find misfit values between two different orientations for HCP (substrate) and cubic (film). Looking for clear explanation.

07 August 2014 6,154 4 View

Can someone tell me a Poisson ratio value of cubic system for rare earth oxides?

I am looking for a value of Poisson ratio value of like cubic structure (Sm2O3, Eu2O3,Gd2O3).

05 June 2014 6,965 3 View

Which type of compound does lamda max of 218 indicate in a uv-vis spectrum of a partially purified compound through column and TLC?

A crude extract of fungal culture using EtOH was subjected to column and TLC and partially purified compound was obtained. UV vis spectrum of the compound/s has max absorbance at 218nm. The...

11 August 2024 9,801 2 View

Adhesion strength of coating?

How can I determine a good adhesion strength range for coatings on polymer surfaces, such as DLC on polymer substrates? Is there a specific threshold for adhesion strength (from T-peel tests)...

10 August 2024 942 3 View

Why Do TDS and EC Increase with Larger Wastewater Volumes, While BOD and COD Decrease?

I have carried out MFC experiments on three different volumes, 50, 500 and 1000 mL of wastewater. Results after MFC treatment shows that TDS and EC are more in larger volumes of water i.e. TDS and...

09 August 2024 9,621 0 View

How to define an anisotropic material with asymmetric elastic compliance/stiffness matrix in ANSYS APDL?

I need to model an anisotropic material in which the Poisson's ratio ν_12 ≠ ν_21 and so on. Therefore, the elastic compliance matrix wouldn't be a symmetric one. In ANSYS APDL, for TB,ANEL...

09 August 2024 5,048 2 View

Could it be a cell culture contamination?

Hello everyone! I observed in my culture (htert-RPE1 cells) an orange- red particle at the bottom of the dish. It is visible to the naked eye as a very very small red dot. Could it be a...

09 August 2024 2,824 3 View

Is there any way to quantify bacterial and fungal cells in their mixed culture?

I am working in fungal fermentation of soybean meal and there is bacterial growth in them at times. I am trying to quantify fungal cell counts and bacterial cells; but I haven't been able to do at...

07 August 2024 7,535 4 View

Stability of the Solar System: Insights from Einstein’s Equations ?

The stability of the Solar System is a complex subject that blends the classical framework of Newtonian mechanics with the modern insights provided by General Relativity (GR). Understanding this...

07 August 2024 2,569 1 View

How to normalize and take the significance of the MTT OD values with 3 replicates for the same cell-line?

Hi, I have a question about normalizing the MTT OD values for doing the statistical analysis. So, if we have 3 different plates and we call them 3 different replicates, so, first we would...

07 August 2024 8,106 4 View

Hello Everyone ! I'm looking for a good journal to publish my manuscript with low publication cost?

I am Looking for a Science Journal with good impact factor and low publication cost to publish a review paper. Your suggestions would be appreciated.

06 August 2024 6,796 3 View

What procedure should I follow for current controlled PPy film electrochemical deposition on ITO?

For example, I perform passivation process before electropolymerization of Py for adhesion to titanium surface. Is a similar or different procedure required for ITO? If necessary, I would be glad...

06 August 2024 3,176 0 View