Who and how depicted it in sci-fi novels and stories (beside Asimov, Efremov and the Strugatski brothers).
Perhaps not 100% sci-fi--rather overtly dystopian/post-apocalyptic/speculative fiction, but I have always found it fascinating how grotesquely rendered is the Crakers' cosmogonic education in Margaret Atwood's MaddAddam trilogy--The Year of the Flood, Oryx and Crake and MaddAddam.
Walden Two is a utopian novel written by behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner, first published in 1948. At that time, it was considered as science fiction since science-based methods for altering people's behavior did not exist then. Such methods are now known as applied behavior analysis.
The book is controversial because its characters speak of a rejection of free will, including a rejection of the proposition that human behavior is controlled by a non-corporeal entity, such as a spirit or a soul. It embraces the proposition that the behavior of organisms, including humans, is determined by environmental variables, and that systematically altering environmental variables can generate a sociocultural system that very closely approximates utopia.
Skinner, B.F. (1948). Walden Two. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Revised 1976 edition,