can please any body tell me that michelson-morley was doing the experiment on light in which he have taken eather speed perpendiculer to beam of light or parallel to the beam of light and what he actually got from that result, because i have studied it from so many places and now i am confused to understand it...
Dear Ram,
in the Michelsen-Morley experiment both directions were considered.
Please have a look at the YouTube Videos.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtEEGvrLzfs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L90vCegpNj0
Dear Ram,
the Michelson-Morley represents a very important event in the history of physics. It produced a revolution in the scientific thought. That experiment was planned for proving the existence of ether. Ether was a medium and an absolute reference frame that was considered necessary for the propagation of light. In Newtonian classical physics the speed of light was always c with respect to ether independently of the motion of the source and of the observer. The speed of light with respect to source or to observer was given by classical vector composition of speeds c'=c+v (1) where c is the speed of light with respect to ether, v is the speed between source and observer and c' is the speed of light with respect to the observer. The outcome of the experiment was negative and it generated great confusion in physicists. It proved in irrefutable way classical ether doesn't exist. There are different interpretations of that experiment:
1. Neoclassical interpretation denied the fact that ether not could exist and replaced the classical vector composition of speeds given by (1) with Lorentz's Transformations. In this interpretation light propagates still with speed c with respect to ether but the composition of speeds is different from (1) in order to explain the result of MM experiment.
2. Modern interpretation accepted the result of MM experiment and denied the existence of ether. Also in this case the classical composition of speeds (1) was replaced with Lorentz's Transformations. In that case nevertheless the speed of light is constant with respect to all reference frames and consequently c'=c.
These two interpretations are continually in conflict since more than one century. I disagree with both interpretations and I will explain to you a third interpretation in the order of the Theory of Reference Frames.
3. The experiment has proved in irrefutable way ether in all versions, original and modified, doesn't exist. Consequently the neoclassical interpretation isn't valid. The modern interpretation is based on a great mistake that consists in thinking without ether the preferred reference frame doesn't exist. The MM experiment proves only ether and the absolute reference frame don't exist. It doesn't exclude a non-absolute preferred reference frame can exist. In fact in the Theory of Reference Frames the non-absolute preferred reference frame is the reference frame of the physical system where light propagates. Like this the vector composition of speeds (1) is still valid.
In order to allow to you an eleborations of these concepts I enclose the followinf link:
Article Short History of Relativity
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