I am using 0.002 M Triton-X100 as surfactant and cyclohexane as oil phase for synthesis of inorganic nanoparticle. How much I should add surfactant out of 100 ml solution prepared if precursor solution is 100 ml (0.001 M).
At first you should find its CMC concentration. I think this article could be helpful.
I assume you are looking for a microemulsion recipe, that would need a co-surfactant along with surfactant, usually an alcohol, you can find a triton X based recipe here Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 308 (2007) 491
As others mentioned, first of all, the concentration of your surfactant should be above CMC (critical micelle concentration). But it is not enough. In fact CMC is the concentration which first micelles will be formed. You should rise the concentration far beyond the CMC. If you want to solve all of your aqueous solution or water in the organic solvent you should rich the single phase state, and if your question is how you can find out? the answer is simple: when the opaque solution become clear, the solution is single phase. You can find it out also about 5 minutes after settling down the solution. If there is two phase, they will be separated from each other.
Dear S.!
I recommend ladge concentration (more than 0.2 M). With surfactant concentration growth sharply increases the solubilization capacity of w/o microemulsions . It is important as for receiving inorganic nanoparticles you should enter inorganic salts into microemulsions. At low surfactant concentration solubilization capacity will be low and you receive very few nanoparticles. But Ttriton X-100 poorly dissolve in organic solvents. As nonionic surfactant I recommend Tergitol NP-4 or its analog Triton N-42. Ionic - AOT. Or Ttriton X-100+cosurfactant.
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