Often are references to small dense LDL as highly atherogenic LDL, in what range of densities that LDL must be considered to be small and dense, and what its composition?
Dear Juan,
LDL particles have a mass and size distribution, and for LDL the density range usually accepted is within 1.019-1.063 g/mL and a particle size between 18-25 nm. Studies dating back the '80 described the predominance of smaller and denser LDL particles in atherosclerotic patients, and later lead to the development of the Lipoprint (Quantimetrix) to estimate the predominance of LDL with pattern A or pattern B in blood, and thus the risk to atherosclerosis. In my own experience it is not quite clear to me whether there are defined boundaries (namely specific values) to classify small and dense LDL (SD-LDL). I've looked into this some time ago and found that the density cut-off for SD-LDL was 1.040g/mL (originally defined by Krauss and Burke, 1982). Other authors, have decided on more defined values for LDL subfractions (Chapman et al., 1988, JLR, 29; Graaf et al., 1991, ATVB, 11; Nikon et al., JLR, 1991, 32; Skoglund-Anderson et al., 1999). I believe this to be a exciting topic to pursue with the novel Omic approaches in search of the atherogenic properties of lipoproteins. Hope this helps,
Ana
Because it is compared to other LDL particles! Lipoproteins are heterogeneous and this have a density range. Amongst this heterogeneous group, some are more dense than others within the specified range.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24569029
In this article you will find several references for the characterization of small dense LDL.The cut off depends on the method (gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, NMR). In the supplement of this article the authors published data of the composition of several lipoprotein classes.
Dear Professor Gomez Gerique
Hi
It's the density of lipoproteins in plasma:
VLDL, d
Dear Juan,
LDL particles have a mass and size distribution, and for LDL the density range usually accepted is within 1.019-1.063 g/mL and a particle size between 18-25 nm. Studies dating back the '80 described the predominance of smaller and denser LDL particles in atherosclerotic patients, and later lead to the development of the Lipoprint (Quantimetrix) to estimate the predominance of LDL with pattern A or pattern B in blood, and thus the risk to atherosclerosis. In my own experience it is not quite clear to me whether there are defined boundaries (namely specific values) to classify small and dense LDL (SD-LDL). I've looked into this some time ago and found that the density cut-off for SD-LDL was 1.040g/mL (originally defined by Krauss and Burke, 1982). Other authors, have decided on more defined values for LDL subfractions (Chapman et al., 1988, JLR, 29; Graaf et al., 1991, ATVB, 11; Nikon et al., JLR, 1991, 32; Skoglund-Anderson et al., 1999). I believe this to be a exciting topic to pursue with the novel Omic approaches in search of the atherogenic properties of lipoproteins. Hope this helps,
Ana
Ana. Interesting Thanks for your response and the information you bring. I agree with you that probably the cutoff will depend on the methodology used for the separation and it would be interesting to isolate this type of LDL in the patient's express order to carefully analyze its composition and its possible relationships with pathologies in which it is expressed (at least where it is expressed significantly)
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