The Persians were known for their windmills that both grounded grain as well as pumped water.

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjlk46w2I7rAhW5hXIEHXfUDYsQFjACegQIEBAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solaripedia.com%2F13%2F80%2Fpersian_windmills_and_wind_towers_from_ancient_times.html&usg=AOvVaw0VqUZHRd9WuweNnMppOqM_

Hello Michael,

Thank you very much for your answer. I don't know these Persian mills and I think that there are very interesting and spectacular.

Thank you again.

The pumping windmills are very common in South Portugal, namely in regions of Montijo, Setubal, West Alentejo, and Algarve. Some are still in use. Although Portugal is not a Mediterranean country, geography defines South Portugal as a Mediterranean region by climate and vegetation

I agree, Ivo Carneiro de Sousa . Alentejo was devasteded at the end of the 18th century and portugal scientists sought/seeking how to produce in that region. The mils must have been great economic catalysts in that region. Besides that, the mill technology has been transmitted to produce structures in Brazil.

Dear Mark Matzner, you are very right. There is as you know a technological relationship between the water windmills and the new late 16th-century sugar mills in Brazil. I must also inform you that the Brazilian sugar mills were introduced here in the South of China and Taiwan by the Portuguese settled in Macau. A small chapter among others of the gçobaçization of technological exchanges in the early modern period.

Dear Ivo and Mark,

Thank you very much for your considerations. They are really interesting and curious contributions. I like the response to this question and I hope that new researchers continue to add data and insights.

Best regards.

Dear Ivo and Gregorio

I appreciate your considerations and contributions! a virtual hug to everyone