What microorganisms is diversity in the rhizosphere and which microorganisms help in increasing soil fertility?
@ RK, the rhizosphere microorganisms mainly consist of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, algae , protozoa, nematodes and viruses. Bacteria and fungi present in the soil feed on dead plant and animal matter to form humus, which is rich in nutrients and makes the soil fertile. Bacteria also helps to fix the atmospheric nitrogen with the help of nitrogenase enzyme and increase the nitrogen content in the soil. Many fungi and bacteria may release phosphatases (acid and alkaline) and phytase enzymes which help to mobilize organic phosphorus for plant nutrition. They also releases organic acids to solubilize unavailable inorganic phosphorus for plant nutrition. Moreover, symbiotic fungi like mycorrhizae reside in roots of higher plants and increase soil fertility by transporting the relatively immobile nutrients from outside the root zone through their mycelium beside helping in nutrient mobilization.
Rhizosphere microorganisms are specific kinds of soil microorganism that mainly include bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, and protozoa. Their population compositions and volumes can reflect the quality of the soil and its fertility level. Bacteria help fix the atmospheric nitrogen with the help of nitrogenase enzyme and increase the nitrogen content in the soil. It is referred to as Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria. The rhizosphere serves as the microbial seed bank where microorganisms transform organic and inorganic substances in the rhizosphere into accessible plant nutrients as plants harbor diverse microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and protists among others. Microorganisms such as algae, bacteria, and fungi are present in the soil. Bacteria and fungi present in the soil feed on dead plant and animal matter to form humus, which is rich in nutrients and makes the soil fertile. This is how microorganisms make the soil fertile. They decompose dead and decaying matter and help in recycling nutrients back to the soil. This prevents the accumulation of dead organic matter and helps in adding nitrogenous compounds to the soil, thereby increasing soil fertility. Soil fertility can be further improved by incorporating cover crops that add organic matter to the soil, which leads to improved soil structure and promotes a healthy, fertile soil; by using green manure or growing legumes to fix nitrogen from the air through the process of biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, good management of soil fertility can help reduce soil, water and air pollution, regulate water resources availability, support a diverse and active biotic community, increase vegetation cover and allows for carbon neutral footprint.
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