Dear Frank, Neocallimastigomycota are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic against them. There are other fungi that can live in the absence of oxygen, these include facultatively aerobes that usually are dependent on fermentation (such as Saccharomyces, Mucor, ...), obligately fermentative fungi which are of defected mitochondria (with less/no cytochrome) such as Blastocladiella ramosa, and Blastocladia, or even with no mitochondria. Most aquatic fungi are obligately fermentative. Those that do fermentation may perform one of fermentation pathways: acidic, alcoholic, or ammonia. Most of soilborne fungi once thought to be obligately aerobic are now known to be facultatively anaerobes. Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces rotundus, Penicillium abeanum, Gibberella fujikuroi, Neurospora crassa, and Trichophyton rubrum are examples of ammonia fermentative facultative anaerobic fungi.

And please dont tell me something about beer production.

Dear Frank, Neocallimastigomycota are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic against them. There are other fungi that can live in the absence of oxygen, these include facultatively aerobes that usually are dependent on fermentation (such as Saccharomyces, Mucor, ...), obligately fermentative fungi which are of defected mitochondria (with less/no cytochrome) such as Blastocladiella ramosa, and Blastocladia, or even with no mitochondria. Most aquatic fungi are obligately fermentative. Those that do fermentation may perform one of fermentation pathways: acidic, alcoholic, or ammonia. Most of soilborne fungi once thought to be obligately aerobic are now known to be facultatively anaerobes. Fusarium oxysporum, Talaromyces rotundus, Penicillium abeanum, Gibberella fujikuroi, Neurospora crassa, and Trichophyton rubrum are examples of ammonia fermentative facultative anaerobic fungi.

Thank you Babak for this helpfull informations.

Dos anyone know a good review about facultative anaerobic fungi capable of ammonia fermentation. Or genarally a book/chapter about facultative anaerobic fungi, that I can cite as reference.

Dear Frank, here are some references:

Cathrine and Raghukumar, 2009, Mycol Res 113, 1: 100-109.

Cregg et al., 1989, Mol Cell Biol 9, 3:1316-1323.

Shoun et al., 1992, FEMS Microbiol Letters 94: 277-282.

Deacon, 2005, Fungal Biology, Blackwell Publishing Co, 372p.

Zhou et al., 2002, The J Biological Cemistry 277, 3: 1892-1896.

Carlile et al., 2001, The fungi, 2nd edit, Academic Press, 588p.

Best Wishes and Merriment for You in the advance of Christmas,

hello Babak,

Thanks for the Literature. It was verry helpful.

Regards Frank

Happy Your New Year. I am happy that You are happy. Thanks.

Hello Dear,

I am testing some fungi extracted form deep-sea sediments (2.5 km below seafloor surface) in anaerobic conditions. I am using PDA media but these fungi cant grow on this media. Can someone please suggest me a good media both liquid and solid, I would be very thankful to you.