Busbars are protected by differential protection. More about that from GE is in attachment. Breakers need to be designed for max breaking current of 3 phase faults.
There is no special circuit breaker to protect against busbar faults. Each busbar in high voltage substation (or medium voltage or even in low voltage) have several or many feeders. Feeders have their own circuit breaker. This circuit breaker have rated current for normal operation and it is specified a breaking current for short circuit circumstances. Therefore, busbar faults happened on busbars not on feeder. If there is busbar fault all feeders circuit breaker should be operate to eliminate the fault on busbar.