I need comments of experts. Most of my publications in Russian. Not many people involved in the study of heart rate variability in the methodological level in Russia. Therefore, I almost did not have feedback on my results.
To formulate short, I discovered that:
1. In addition to the classic two phenomena of modulation of heart rate (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, low frequency waves associated with Mayer waves and thermoregulation) there is at least one more with a period of 3 cardiac intervals. I discovered this when I performed factor analysis of periodogram of heart rate tachogram and found out a wave of factor loadings with the peak on this period. A breaf publication in English is here https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.0776v2
2. Amplitude of heart rate modulations with the period of 3 cardiac intervals is associated with mental vigor and mental work capacity. I found positive correlations with a scale of psychological questionnaire and with results of computer game Tetris.
3. Amplitude of the 3 cardiac intervals heart rate modulations is associated with the frontal cortex activity. There is positive correlation with EEG defined level of cortex activity. This is published here http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11055-013-9805-1
I have attached my presintations with extended information on this.
Please, answer me what do you think on these results?
A few thoughts occur.
1. You absolutely have to measure respiration if you want to differentiate between respiratory and potential other mechanisms which are at respiratory frequency. There should be a well understood relationship (phase angle etc.) between the respiratory cycle and the heart beat. Tetris is actually a great idea for a sustained attention task, by the way.
2. You might be interested in read the foundational work on sustained attention. I've copied a few references at the end.
3. Pursuant to all that, I'd determine if there was a relationship to cardioventilatory coupling (CVC; the organisation of heart beats into temporal position during the respiratory cycle). The first papers are by Duncan Galletly, I believe.
Aasman, J., Mulder, G., Mulder, L.J.M., 1987. Operator effort and the measurement of heart-rate variability. Human Factors 29, 161–170.
Middleton, H.C., Sharma, A., Agouzou, D., Sahakian, B.J., Robbins, T.W., 1999. Contrasts between the cardiovascular concomitants of tests of planning and attention. Psychophysiology 36, 610–618.
Mulder, L.J.M., Mulder, G., 1987. Cardiovascular reactivity and mental work-load. In:
Kitney, R.I., Rompelman, O. (Eds.), The Beat-to-beat Investigation of Cardiovascular
Function: Measurement, Analysis, and Application. Clarendon, Oxford, UK, pp.
216–253.
Mulder, B., Veldman, H., van der Veen, F., van Roon, A., Rüddel, H., Schächinger, H., Mulder, B., 1993. On the effects of mental task performance on heart rate, blood
pressure and its variability measures. In: Di Rienzo, M., Mancia, G., Parati, G.,
Pedotti, A., Zanchetti, A. (Eds.), Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability: Computer Analysis, Modelling and Clinical Applications. IOS Press, Fairfax, VA, pp.
153–167.
Dear James,
thank you very much for your answer! The references are really very interesting.
I'll try to write a few words in defense of my results.
I think there isn't interrelation between respiratory arrhythmia and the new 3-interval modulation of herat rate and they are well differetiated because the two things:
1. When we analyse heart rate as tachogram the central frequency of the respiratory arrhythmia is quite stable. It nearly does not depend on phisiological state at least in rest and is always about 0.25 heart cycles (frequency 4 per heart cycle).
2. I believe, factor analysis which I use allows to differentiate contribution of any factors influence periodogram even their frequency are overlaps including the respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
Валерий Николаевич, добрый день. К сожалению не могу посмотреть вашу полнотекстовую статью (денег желают владельцы журнала). Работа у вас интересная, но некоторые технические детали вызывают вопросы. Начать с простого - каким методом спектральный анализ делаете, что выражаете частоту, как функцию штук сердцебиений?
Фёдор! Спасибо за ответ.
Текст любой статьи могу прислать. Может быть он есть в RG.
В ответ на Ваши вопросы могу написать, что спектральный анализ делаю методом прямого дискретного преобразования Фурье своей программой. Алгоритм БПФ не применяю. Анализирую тахограмму кардиоинтервалов -- зависимость их от номера кардиоинтервала, а не от времени, как делают многие. Поэтому период периодических модуляций сердечного ритма выражается в числе кардиоинтервалов, а частота в числе обратом, то есть 1/число кардиоинтервалов, то есть сколько колебаний приходится на один кардиоинтервал. Раз период составляет несколько кардиоинтервалов, то частота -- доли периода, приходящиеся на один кардиоинтервал. Этот подход используется гораздо реже, но возможность его использования упоминается в "Стандартах" 1996 года. Анализ зависимости оот времени у меня вызывает сомнения, так как получается зависимость времени от времени, то есть время и по оси абсцисс и по оси ординат. То есть одна и та же информация как бы дублируется избыточно по обеим осям, что странно...
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