(2) use ground clutter return signals for check on radar calibration or to extract weather-related information.
Some references:
(1)
(1a) Vulpiani, G., M. Montopoli, L.D. Passeri, A.G. Gioia, P. Giordano, and F.S. Marzano, 2012: On the Use of Dual-Polarized C-Band Radar for Operational Rainfall Retrieval in Mountainous Areas. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 405–425, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05024.1 ;
(1b) Alku L., Moisseev D., Aittomaki T., Chandrasekar V. (2015)—Identification and Suppression of Nonmeteorological Echoes Using Spectral Polarimetric Processing. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 53 (7): 3628–3638. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2380476. [Google Scholar]
(1c) Haykin S., Deng C. (1991)—Classification of radar clutter using neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 2 (6): 589–600. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.97936. [Google Scholar]
(2)
(2a) Marta Tecla Falconi, Mario Montopoli & Frank Silvio Marzano (2017) Bayesian statistical analysis of ground-clutter for the relative calibration of dual polarization weather radars, European Journal of Remote Sensing, 49:1, 933-953, DOI: 10.5721/EuJRS20164949
(2b) Fabry, F., 2004: Meteorological Value of Ground Target Measurements by Radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 560–573, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2004)0212.0.CO;2
(2c) Rinehart, R.E., 1978: On the Use of Ground Return Targets for Radar Reflectivity Factor Calibration Checks. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1342–1350, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1978)0172.0.CO;2