Microorganisms and their interactions in soil play a critical role in mediating the distribution of P between the available pool in soil solution and the total soil P through solubilization and mineralization reactions, and through immobilization of P into microbial biomass and/or formation of sparingly available forms. As soil microbes decompose organic residues, they slowly release nutrients back into the soil for the winter cover crops or for the preceding crop. Cover crops prevent the nutrients from being lost through soil erosion, leaching, volatilization, or denitrification. These microorganisms play important roles in soil including nutrient fixation (carbon and nitrogen), nutrient solubilization mineralization, and loss of nutrients from soil through processes like methane production and denitrification

Microorganisms are responsible for the degradation of organic matter, which controls the release of plant nutrients, but is also important for the maintenance of soil structure and sustainability of soil quality for plant growth. Soil microbes play a vital role in the sustained growth of plants. They decompose and recycling nutrients bound in organic materials. They help access minerals in rocks large and small. And, they can even refine nitrogen from the air into a useful form for plants. As soil microbes decompose organic residues, they slowly release nutrients back into the soil for the winter cover crops or for the preceding crop. Cover crops prevent the nutrients from being lost through soil erosion, leaching, volatilization, or denitrification.Protozoa are very small one-celled creatures. They play an important role in helping to make the soil better by feeding on bacteria and releasing excess nitrogen, which is really good for plants. Bacteria are among the tiniest and most numerous organisms in the soil. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants. Microorganisms help break down organic matter, they release essential nutrients and carbon dioxide into the soil, fix nitrogen and help transform nutrients into mineral forms that plants can use through a process called mineralization and nitrogen fixing bacteria improve soil fertility. Soil microorganisms enhance plant nutrient acquisition. They are involved in a wide range of biological processes including the transformation of insoluble soil nutrients. Some are capable of solubilizing and mineralizing insoluble soil phosphorus for the growth of plants. Number of soil microbes have been identified to solubilize insoluble Phosphorus complexes into solution making it possible for its uptake by plants. Several species of fungi and bacteria, commonly known as phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) help the plants in mobilizing insoluble forms of phosphate

Both plants and microorganisms obtain their nutrients from soil and change soil properties by organic litter deposition and metabolic activities, respectively. Microorganisms have a range of direct effects on plants through, e.g., manipulation of hormone signaling and protection against pathogens. Microorganisms and their interactions in soil play a critical role in mediating the distribution of P between the available pool in soil solution and the total soil P through solubilization and mineralization reactions, and through immobilization of P into microbial biomass and/or formation of sparingly available forms. Microorganisms are responsible for the degradation of organic matter, which controls the release of plant nutrients, but is also important for the maintenance of soil structure and sustainability of soil quality for plant growth. Microorganisms play an important role in the acquisition and transfer of nutrients in soil.In particular, microorganisms can solubilise and mineralize P from inorganic and organic pools of total soil P. Both plants and microorganisms obtain their nutrients from soil and change soil properties by organic litter deposition and metabolic activities, respectively. Microorganisms have a range of direct effects on plants through, e.g., manipulation of hormone signaling and protection against pathogens. Microorganisms play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. They are rightly praised for their facility for fixing both carbon and nitrogen into organic matter, and microbial driven processes have tangibly altered the chemical composition of the biosphere and its surrounding atmosphere. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria may also aid the growth of plants by stimulating the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation, synthesizing phytohormones and enhancing the availability of some trace elements such as zinc and iron.