Six Sigma is a disciplined approach for improving manufacturing or service

processes, based on defined metrics .The strength of Six Sigma lies in its well defined framework involving methodology applying different tools and techniques.

The name 'prescriptive' is given because the model prescribes a set of activities, actions, tasks, quality assurance and change the mechanism for every project.

There are three types of prescriptive process models. They are: 1. The Waterfall Model 2. Incremental Process model 3. RAD model

Six Sigma has long been used as an effective way to restructure a company’s management process. While there are abundant case study literatures on Six Sigma, a theoretical framework that can logically advance the previous work into a higher level is lacked. What’s more, there are few empirical studies to verify those results from previous case studies.

Another important measure of effectiveness of Six Sigma is the quality improvement because the Six Sigma, a quality improvement methodology based on statistics, is the latest method in a progression of integrated quality plan series, such as Quality Circle

As we understand that prescriptive models provide the baseline elaboration of the executional process of an applied system. In short terms meaning that it describes the "how to" on the various respective steps carried out within a project.

Six-Sigma is a data-driven methodology that consists of tools and strategies for defining and evaluating each process step. It outlines ways for increasing bottom-line profit, increasing efficiency in a corporate structure, and improving process quality.

Thus supports the argument that we can consider the six-sigma approach as a prescriptive model.

Six Sigma is a data-driven approach that helps reduce defects in products and services, while increasing customer satisfaction through continuous process improvement. It has two sub methodologies: DMAIC and DMADV.

The Six Sigma DMAIC process(define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is an improvement system for existing processes and looking for incremental development. The Six Sigma DMADV process (define, measure, analyze, design and verify) is an improvement system used to develop new processes or products at six sigma quality levels.

Six sigma principles can be applied across various initiatives and activities including data science, business intelligence systems, and data quality. Six sigma is calculated as Y=f(x)+Ɛ where Y is the desired outcome and Ɛ represents the error factor of the outcome.

The error factor can be reduced by identifying causes and negating them. Thus it reduces variance. More the variation, lower the quality of the output.

Under the analyzing phase, involves using predictive and prescriptive process analytics that involves answering the questions "What could happen?" and "What should we do?". Using Six sigma will ensure that a process reaches its target accuracy and precision.

However, there are specific risks associated with the Six Sigma method. First, it represents a greater investment compared to a more targeted and narrowly focused departmental or single process-based quality improvement project, because Six sigma works best when the entire organization commits to the new culture of Business Process Reengineering from the top down. Secondly, it requires training and/or retraining of many staff members. Thirdly, the risk of failure is higher. Fourthly, there is a perception that Six Sigma, Lean, and other quality improvement methods negatively affect innovating organizations become set and fixed in operating ways. In other words, causes inflexibility and organizational inertia.

Six-sigma as a prescriptive process

The Six Sigma framework includes techniques for continuous process improvement as well as process design to meet Six Sigma criteria. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, and Improve Control. Define Measure Analyze Design Verify is used to enhance processes. The Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) technique, also known as the (DMADV) method, is utilized for design of the procedure

Deviations and disadvantages

Because Six Sigma is used to improve all elements of the manufacturing and planning process, it can increase complexity, which can cause delays and hinder creativity. Furthermore, because of the overarching objective of reaching the Six Sigma-stipulated level of consumer satisfaction, its customer focus may be carried to extremes, where internal quality-control procedures that make sense for a firm are not adopted.

• Six Sigma can be defined as a quality control methodology that focuses on eliminating as many defects as possible. Further, Six Sigma focuses on the entire software process in ensuring quality. The basic idea behind this strategy is to improve the quality by identifying many defects as possible. Also, Six Sigma uses Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC) as an integral part of it.
• However, since Six sigma is applied to the entire process and is an approach that is based on minimizing the defects as much as possible, it may create rigidity that in turn results in delays. And also, complicated procedures will result from this approach. Further, since customer satisfaction is concerned extremely where anything not acceptable by the customer is considered as a defect, the internal quality control measures that an organization employ will be hindered.

Six Sigma is the process of producing high and improved quality output.This can be done in two phases – identification and elimination.

'prescriptive' is given because the model prescribes a set of activities, actions, tasks, quality assurance and change the mechanism for every project.

There are three types of prescriptive process models. 1. The Waterfall Model, 2. Incremental Process model, 3. RAD model

The Six Sigma framework incorporates methods for ceaseless prepare enhancement as well as handle plan to meet Six Sigma criteria. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, and Move forward Control. Characterize Measure Analyze Design Confirm is used to upgrade forms. The Plan for Six Sigma (DFSS) method, too known as the (DMADV) strategy, is utilized for plan of the method

In any case, since Six sigma is applied to the complete process and is an approach that's based on minimizing the surrenders as much as conceivable, it may create rigidity that in turn comes about in delays. And also, complicated methods will result from this approach. Further, since client fulfillment is concerned amazingly where anything not satisfactory by the client is considered as a deformity, the inside quality control measures that an organization utilize will be prevented.

Six Sigma can be characterized as a quality control technique that centers on dispensing with as numerous surrenders as conceivable. Six Sigma centers on the whole software process in guaranteeing quality. The essential thought behind this methodology is to move forward the quality by recognizing numerous abandons as conceivable. Six Sigma employments Define, Measure, Analyze, Progress, and Control (DMAIC) as an integral part of it. since Six sigma is applied to the whole prepare and is an approach that's based on minimizing the surrenders as much as conceivable, it may make inflexibility that in turn comes about in delays. Additionally , complicated strategies will result from this approach. Assist, since client fulfillment is concerned amazingly where anything not satisfactory by the client is considered as a deformity, the inner quality control measures that an organization utilize will be ruined.

Six Sigma is a methodology to improve the capability of business processes such as a manufacturing process, a service process, or an internal process. In other words Six Sigma is reducing variation to increase process performance. The increase in performance leads to defect reduction and improvement in profits.

A Six Sigma program has two main parts - First is Six Sigma Improvement (SSI) and the other is called Design for Six Sigma (DFSS).

The primary method in SSI is a simple performance improvement model, often called a roadmap, known as Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC).

• During the Design phase the team creates a charter or summary of the project, makes a detailed problem statement, maps the primary process steps, and identifies independent and dependent variables.
• For the Measure phase they collect data to characterize the process in detail. During Analyze they use the characterization to best understand process performance and how changes in the independent variables affect the dependent variables.
• This information is applied during the Improve phase to determine target values and a robust solution.
• The Control phase focuses on how to maintain the improvements.

So from this we can understand six sigma explains "how to" on each phase of it as a prescriptive model when applied to a system.

Six Sigma is used to improve all parts of the manufacturing and planning processes, it may lead to rigidity and bureaucracy, which can cause delays and hinder creativity. Furthermore, because of the overarching objective of reaching the Six Sigma-specified level of consumer satisfaction, its customer emphasis may be pushed to extremes, where internal quality-control procedures that make sense for a firm are not taken.

Six Sigma is a data driven methodology that diminishes deserts in items and administrations .quality control philosophy that spotlights on wiping out whatever number deformities as would be prudent.

so, there are explicit dangers related with the Six Sigma technique. To begin with, it addresses a more noteworthy speculation contrasted with a more designated and barely engaged departmental or single interaction based quality improvement project, since Six sigma works best when the whole association focuses on the new culture of Business Process Reengineering starting from the top. Besides, it requires preparing or potentially retraining of many staff individuals. Thirdly, the danger of disappointment is higher. Fourthly, there is an insight that Six Sigma, Lean, and other quality improvement techniques adversely influence enhancing associations become set and fixed operatingly. As such, causes firmness and authoritative idleness.

Six Sigma is a quality-control methodology. It is a data-driven approach and a methodology for eliminating defects. It can be analyzed in terms of the following steps.

1.Firstly, a team of people, identifies a faulty process on which to focus.

2.The team measures the initial performance of the process.

3.Then the team analyzes the process by isolating each input, or potential reason for the failure, and testing it as the root of the problem.

5.The team works to improve system performance

5.Finally, the team adds controls to the process

Therefore, it can be observed as a prescriptive model as all relevant issues of developing system are considered.

Disadvantages

1.Six Sigma is costly for many small businesses to implement.

2.Time consuming

Six Sigma is a methodology that provides tools to improve business processes. This increase in performance while decreasing the process variation which leads to defect reduction and improvement in profits, employee morale, and quality of products or services. The process includes the activities such as defining, measure, analyse, improve and control.

When implementing these approaches there are some challenges like it can be difficult to implement and the changes are hard to make.

Prescriptive models are used as rules or frameworks to arrange and structure how and in what sequence software development tasks should be completed.

Six Sigma aims to enhance the quality of process outputs by detecting and eliminating faults and reducing process variability.

The goal of Six Sigma technique is to keep product faults to six standard deviations, or "sigmas." Three standard deviations above the mean is the Upper Specification Limit, while three standard deviations below the mean is the Lower Specification Limit.

There will always be some drawbacks, no matter how many benefits there are.Six Sigma examines corporate processes minute by minute and creates large volumes of empirical data, resulting in lengthy and difficult procedures.

Because Six Sigma is used to improve all parts of the manufacturing and planning processes, it may lead to rigidity and bureaucracy, which can cause delays and hinder creativity.

Six-sigma as a prescriptive process to an organization will enhance the capabilities of the processes that is undertaken in the organization. It Define, Measure, Analyze, and Improve Control of the processes. The focus on giving the best with efficiency, accuracy and to the budget are some important factors. However even though this gives greater effect it does have issues such as time delays and complications on developments.

Six Sigma is a data driven approach which help to test and identify the errors in the system and integration in a speedy way. And produce an improved and high quality output with very less amount of defects. Because Six Sigma is used to improve all elements of the manufacturing and planning process, it can increase complexity, which can cause delays and hinder creativity.

Disadvantages- Higher time consumption

Higher cost for small projects

Six Sigma is a highly efficient method/process through which organizations can improve their products and services to the nearest perfection. It is a developmental approach to delivering highly efficient and improved processes. The word Sigma itself means to measure how much deviation a process has been showing from perfection. It is a continuous process to keep in check with the highest customer satisfaction and at the same time optimizing the profit turnover in an organization. It emphasizes effectiveness and excellence in the efficiency of the product.

Six Sigma is a quality control methodology. Also, it uses a data-driven review to limit mistakes or defects in a corporate or business process.

Six Sigma has involved a more general business-management philosophy.

Mainly it focuses on,

Ø meeting customer requirements

Ø Improving customer retention

Ø improving and sustaining business products and services.

Therefore, Six Sigma can be applied to all industries.

This Six Sigma follows an approach called DMAIC.

D- Define M-Measure A -Analyze I-Improve C-Control

This is a statistically driven methodology. So companies implement this methodology as a mental framework for business process improvement.

The major steps of DMAIC :

1. The team measures the initial performance of the process

2. Then team analyzes the process by isolating each input. (Here analyzing the potential reason for failure and process testing it as the root of the problem are done)

3. As a result of analyzing, the team identifies the main reason for process error.

4. The next team works to improve the system performance.

5. Finally, the team adds controls to the process.

Since all the issues which are relevant to the developing system are considered, six-sigma can be identified as a prescriptive process to an organization.

As conclusion, Six Sigma is used to improve all the parts of the manufacturing as well as the planning process, which indirectly may lead to delays and hinder creativity. Also, Six Sigma is costly for many small businesses to implement. Also.it is time-consuming

high levels of variation make things less predictable. Six Sigma is intent on reducing variation and therefore should enhance predictability for quality output.

• Six Sigma is a data-driven strategy for reducing product and service errors while boosting customer satisfaction. It is divided into two sub-methodologies: DMAIC and DMADV, which are used to create new processes or products to six sigma quality levels. Six sigma ensures that a process meets its accuracy and precision goals.
• However, there are dangers to utilizing Six Sigma, such as the higher initial expenditure and the chance of failure. There is a widespread belief that Lean and other quality improvement approaches harm innovative businesses by causing them to become established in their ways of doing business.