To obtain dried powder nanocellulose, we used freeze drying method but the result is nanocellulose sponge not powder. Could we have failed because the acid was not sufficiently removed from the system during dialysis?
There is no surprising in your result, it's completely normal. The principle of freeze-drying mehod is the application of vacuum condition which allows the crystals of water in product to transform from solid form to gas through a process called sublimation. This mechanism leads to creating the form of sponge in the product structure.