According to standards of Central Pollution Control Board, permissible value of BOD is 100ppm and COD is not mentioned. Is there any chance for getting COD value as zero?
There are no general rules, but some national standards exist. It is more important to consider the function in the actual system.
If BOD is high problems can occur with biofilm and biofouling in the distribution system. Especially drip irrigation is sensitive to this.
COD can be high without any negative effects for the plants and the soil so there might not be a reason to make a standard for it in irrigation water. In some cases high organic matter content is considered positive as it improves the water holding capacity of the soil on the long term. E.g. in Braunschweig excess sludge is mixed into the treated effluent of the sewage treatment plant in order to increase the organic matter content.
Article Irrigation of Treated Wastewater in Braunschweig, Germany: A...
Hi!
Well, it depends on the initial value of the COD itself and where you want to use the wastewater after that. I think you have to characterize the properties of this wastewater you are dealing with first and then decided where you want to discharge this water in the end. This will give you the ability to know how much the COD has to be.
Best regards
I am not at all in favour of blanket restrictions on wastewater irrigation based on BOD or COD levels. Provided the wastewater has little or no persistent chemicals including high levels of heavy metals, the benefits of irrigating high BOD wastewater outweigh any perceived risks.
Just to put in perspective I draw my colleagues' attention to worldwide practice of using C enriched wastewater on land. The classic example is the use of raw piggery effluent to irrigate pasture or to enrich cultivated soils with nutrients or organic-C. Raw piggery effluent could contain 7000 to 13,000 mg BOD/L.
Equally there has been accepted practice in applying farm effluent sludges (whose BOD levels could be several fold greater than that of raw piggery effluent) to land or pasture or cropping soils to boost soil fertility. Just think about the amount of BODs in a compost applied to soils?
A restriction such as 100 BOD is very onerous on land but may be acceptable to discharge to water environment.
Just to answer Preethamol's question on BOD vs COD, it depends on the composition of the wastewater. If the wastewater contains high ammonium, generally BOD>COD. This is because BOD is a product of oxygen demand from available organic-C and ammonium oxidation while COD is purely oxygen demand from chemically oxidisable organic-C. However, if available C and ammonium levels are low in effluent COD>BOD. This is because oxidising chemicals (e.g. dichromates) used in the assessment of COD can dissolve much of the organic-C, including that not easily broken down by microbes.
It is important to note that there are no fixed permissible limit for COD as it depends mainly on the quality of water in your immediate environment. But it is usually the same with the maximum permissible limit for drinking water.
It depends on the water source and receiving body. In General for India, the permissible limit to discharge is COD, less than 250 mg/L and BOD is less than 30 mg/L
It depends on water source. In India COD value limit up to >250mg/I .
Mostly, COD value is higher than BOD with variable ratio, but having standard for COD in irrigation water is variable based on the local standards from country to country. So, if it is allowed BOD > 100 mg/l, so COD will be allowed higher.
If you have a wastewater with known BOD before and after treatment, you can determine the relation between BOD/COD for this wastewater (in influent and effluent). Therefore, BOD limits can be converted to COD units. Generally, agreeing with Mr. Henrik Rasmus Andersen, COD includes all the oxidizable substances and can be high without any negative effects for the plants and the soil.
As it was said, COD upper limit for irrigation depends on local environmental standards. for example, in this country, irrigation water COD
According to standards of Central Pollution Control Board, permissible value of BOD is 30 mg/l and COD is 250 mg/l.
Hope this helps, it mentions standards for India relating to different uses.
you can find your answer through this article:
Irrigation Water Quality Standards for Indirect
Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Contribution
toward Sustainable Wastewater Reuse in South Korea
Also, you able to download this article:
file:///C:/Users/mf/Downloads/water-08-00169.pdf
They mentioned the COD should be less than 60 mg/l
In addition. you can find more information about your research from: "Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse"
Hello Dr Preethamol P.K
- There are several standards for the reuse of wastewater in agriculture for different countries, for example in Italy, Jordan, Kuwait the permissible level of COD for wastewater reuse in agriculture is100 mg/L.
- Tunisian Standards is 90 mg/L
- See the attached file for more details on standards for the reuse of wastewater in agriculture
Best regards
Fatah BOUTELDJAOUI
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