Dear RG community,
The Danish Bulkhead Regulation (DIF 1926) cited by Hansen (1953) specified that the parabolic pressure relief (q) of the empirical pressure distribution for sheet-pile design was given by Eq. 1. However, Stroyer (1928) presented a draft of the DIF (1926) in which q was given by Eq. 2 (see attached file).
A curious fact is that most of the literature has stated that DIF (1926) follows Eq. 2, but DIF (1937) specifies the opposite as it uses Eq. 1. The uncertainty (dilemma) about which equation DIF (1926) used is significant for design purposes.
Did DIF (1926) specify Eq. 1 or 2?
References:
- DIF (Dansk Ingeniørforening). (1926). Foreløbige Regler for Beregning og Udførelse af Jernbetonstruktioner i Vandbygning. DIF.
- DIF (Dansk Ingeniørforening). (1937). Normer for Vandbygnings-Konstruktioner. DIF.
- Hansen, J. B. (1953). Earth Pressure Calculation. The Danish Technical Press.
- Stroyer, J. P. R. N. (1928). Earth-Pressure on Flexible Walls. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 226(1928), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1680/imotp.1928.14275
Álvaro J. Mattos - Alvaro, This is a very long paper titled, “Analytical comparison of anchored bulkhead design theories” 1954 by Earl Gibbons. He was at the Calhoun Naval School in the US. You’ll find parabolic considered a number of times. I hope it offers useful information.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/36707216.pdf
Dear Lee Clawson - I appreciate your collaboration. Gibbons was a Master's student of Prof. Tschebotarioff. Both stated that DIF (1926) followed Eq. 2 as it was reported by Stroyer (1928). Therefore, this book does not clarify my question at all, but it does indicates that DIF's update to the 1937 version suffered changes. My hypothesis is that one of those changes consisted of modifying Eq. 2 by Eq. 1 as the latter was published by DIF (1937).
I was unaware of this book. Thank you for sharing it with me.
Best regards,
ÁJ Mattos
Álvaro J. Mattos Alvaro, I used Google Scholar to find articles closer to your question. I don’t understand the topic well enough to evaluate if they’re appropriate. Let me know if any are useful. I can use that to add detail a search. Here’s what I found :
1)__ A link from NOAA. This will auto download a PDF “Coastal Structure Handbook”. Its generally about bulkheads.
https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/36158/noaa_36158_DS1.pdf
2)__ FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SOIL-SHEET PILE INTERACTION
https://www.proquest.com/openview/1eca1c120225010cc6931442ada5f1d7/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
3)__ Problems in the Design of a Marine Terminal
https://www.proquest.com/openview/07d81b4087ed88dd278f1242cb98cfbc/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
4)__ A GELATIN MODEL FOR LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE (You have to OK the tracking settings)
https://www.proquest.com/openview/4f18f43ba74ff8341f24e10c9c9ff9b6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
5)__ Large-Scale Model Earth Pressure Tests on Flexible Bulkheads
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/TACEAT.0006291
6)__ Modern numerical techniques for the ships safety in critical conditions (This will auto download a PDF)
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954534.pdf
7)__ APPLICATION OF COMPOSITES IN SHIPS AND OFFSHORE – A REVIEW AND OUTLOOK
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jan-Weitzenboeck-2/publication/283138183_Application_of_composites_in_ships_and_offshore_-_A_review_and_outlook/links/56394d0608aed5314d221eb0/Application-of-composites-in-ships-and-offshore-A-review-and-outlook.pdf
Dear Lee Clawson - I avoid searching Google Scholar because there is so much grey literature on the subject in question, although I must admit there is a valuable material. Thank you.
The answer to the question is that DIF (1926) proposed Eq. 2 and its subsequent editions (DIF 1937, 1952) updated it to Eq. 1. The equations for the empirical earth pressure coefficient (kDIF) were also updated.
The original DIF (1926) code is in the NTNU University Library.
Best regards,
ÁJ Mattos
Álvaro J. Mattos Álvaro, happy to have been of some small help. But, I have great satisfaction knowing someones efforts in 1926 (with some updates) is being remembered, re-read and used in 2023. .... With my best regards, Lee
Dear Lee Clawson - The beauty of literature is that ideas endure over time.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Mathematics
- Algebra
- Matrix