The economy doesn't look too good and in the near future i expect incessant price hikes of utilities and products to come to an abrupt end. Inflation must be regulated very well.

Our education system must be geared towards practical oriented courses and not theoretical ones.

The tourism industry in the country ( I mean Ghana) which has been overlooked for a long period of time must be given a boost through investment from both the government and private investors.

New and efficient ways of dealing with corruption must be enforced.

The neatness of the country must improve. Indiscriminate littering and pollution of the environment must be curbed.

Farmers in the country should be helped in the acquisition of enough agricultural machinery to boost production. The manual tools must not be encouraged.

Finally, the project works of tertiary students in their final years must not be ignored as they contribute immensely to the development of the country.

In Italy, anaerobic digestion plants that treat agricultural biomass apply the digestate directly in agriculture. For anaerobic digestion plants that treat organic wastes, the resulting digestate is considered a waste and must be aerobically post treated to produce compost according to the national fertilizer regulations.

According to the characteristics of  input biomass the biogas sector  can be categorised into three main groups :

Digestate from waste water treatment plant

 Sewage sludge deriving from waste water treatment plants and from agro-food industry can be used on agricultural soils following the D.lgs 99/92

 Digestate from food waste and other waste biomass

 It can be used and marketed without  restriction only after an aerobic phase of composting; the compost has to respect the quality standard  (Law 75/2010). Otherwise it can be used without post-treatment (liquid slurry) only on authorized soils and at fixed amounts. It has to comply the same law for the sewage sludge use in agriculture.

 Digestate /co-digestate from agricultural substrates

This type of digestate, when obtained from animal manure with/without energy crops or crop residues at farm level or deriving from the agro-food processing can be used on soil

Farmers are committed to submit  a fertilization plan. The farm must comply with the amount of N from manure per hectare  and the respect of maximum amount of total nitrogen that can be supplied to each crop.

 Dr.Sala,Good information on recycling of waste from urban,food and agriculture sectors.I compliment Mr. Guilayn for good question.

Mr Agyemang, I appreciate your information but I was being specific about the digestates, which are products of anaerobic digestion.

Thank you, Dr. Sala, for your answer. I see that Italian legislation is similar to French in that matter. Would you affirm that this approach is similar all over the European countries? 

Regarding digestate post-treatment, my initial bibliographic research shows that most of the facilities present phase separation followed by solid phase drying or composting and liquid phase filtration. Several of them are recovering liquid fertilizers as ammonium sulfate. What kind of new processes could we expect?

I think that the described approach is similar also for other EU countries, but , even if EU has an important role on harmonize national laws, there are a lot of differences at national or local level.

For example  in Italy (Lombardy) some biogas plants that use biowaste in codigestion with other feedstock of agricultural origin (manure and silage) are authorized  digestate application on agricultural land (nowday there is a legal question open on this kind of authorization)

http://www.biotecsistemi.it/media/cms/PBozanoPaperVenice2012_rev1.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293133585_Un_caso_operativo_di_co-digestione_della_FORSU_con_biomasse_agricole

An other specific example will take place in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, in a territory subject to the restrictions imposed by the Nitrates Directive and by specific regional regulations related to the production of Parmigiano Reggiano, which further limit the possibilities for livestock manure spreading and use of digestate from cereal silage (presence of clostridum spp in digestate).

However in my opinion other key question on rules concernig  digestate management  are  “end of waste criteria” for digestate from biowaste and the “definition of digestate” from  agricultural feddstock  

Chapter Un caso operativo di co-digestione della FORSU con biomasse agricole

Felipe Guilayn I have an article written on this digestate and it is in mu publications please go thru the same and I have show the Indian Status and present scenario about the Digestate in India and for every country this is different and I loved Europe when I visited few biogas plants