Considering the weather in northern Canada lithium ion batteries are not relevant (http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_at_high_and_low_temperatures). Furthermore, I bet every battery storage need the same amound of maintenance.

Nonetheless, if you are willing to put in place a settled energy storage, I would recommend lead batteries or hydrogen.

Lead batteries are economical, has high cycle durability and work rather well under low temperature. Drawbacks : they are heavy and uses lead, which is quite hazardous for environment.

Hydrogen production through water electrolysis can have efficiency in the range of battery charging and it is eco-friendly moreover there's a lot of papers concerning PV+electrolysis coupling. Drawbacks : rather expensive and you might need to use heat from electron thermalisation to power the fuel cell.

Thank you for the informative answer Tanguy.

What's your stand on flow batteries, specially Vanadium Redox flow battery. As far as I've read, despite it's low energy density and space factor, i guess it can also be a good candidate.

Definitly. I'm not (yet) an expert but it appears yield are fair, storage is convenient as you can switch from a fuel tank to another and the time durability for Vanadium based redox battery is more or less the same as PV's one.

If you're interested in further investigation, check the UniEnergy Technologies manufacture. It is a famous American large scale Vanadium redox-flow battery that could inspire your project.

I'd check. Thank you.

Dear Roshani

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