Hello,

Have a look at the following book.

"Nano Plating - Microstructure Formation Theory of Plated Films and a Database of Plated Films, by: T Watanabe."

Thanks,

Thanks for your information,

Happy New Year Xiao

May I know the Annealing History has been applied to the sample...!? Did you consider the Cu-Sn phase diagram [see the enclosed file] during the annealing process..! I do remember that there is also a phase degradation during formation of the Cu/Sn cluster, but don't know at what temperature and/or wt%...! 

Cheers

Thanks for your information. For the SEM result in the above structure, no annealing process has been applied to the sample. Only Cu and Sn electroplating process were performed. Furthermore, this is the result for the small structure, the diameter of the Cu-Sn sample is only 20~40um and the height of the sample is around 10um. This kind of cluster is strange for normal Sn electrodeposit. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the porosity of this kind of cluster is very large, i.e., the distance between adjacent clusters is a little large. It would de considered that the clusters were formed by one core and the coalescence occurred. But I am not very sure about this. I hope you and other experienced scholars would help me find the mechanism behind this. 

On the other hand, an EBSD analysis would be carried out soon for further understanding. 

you can read this book

"Nano Plating - Microstructure Formation Theory of Plated Films and a Database of Plated Films, by: T Watanabe."