I'm trying to simulate walking speed and I need to have an idea that how walking speed is changing over very short period of time (e.g., 0.02,0.1,0.2, and 0.5 sec). I know that average normal walking speed would be something around 0.5 to 1.5 m/s. I just want to know how the speed is fluctuating. In other words, I need to know what is the maximum possible acceleration/deceleration over a short time period. Suggestions are appreciated.
Most data I've seen is related to people's acceleration rates in specific situations. For example T. Korhonen collected data on pedestrian flow characteristics and observed that the acceleration distribution "bear a resemblance" to a normal distribution with an average of 0.68 m/s2 with a maximum of 1.44 m/s2
In many models the acceleration parameter is calibrated to achieve a certain flow rate characteristic. I've seen ranges like 0.5 to 1.1 seconds for agents to achieve their maximum velocity.
A 2016 paper by Peng Lin et al., see link below, does discuss acceleration in FDS+Evac and Usain Bolt's maximum acceleration which they quote as 3.09m/s2
http://cpb.iphy.ac.cn/fileup/PDF/2016-3-034501.pdf
http://dynardo.de/fileadmin/Material_Dynardo/dokumente/flyer/Verfahrenstechnik/RDO_Journal_02_2014_P_Evacuation.pdf
Thesis Microscopic Pedestrian Flow Characteristics: Development of ...
Dear Sadra,
I completely agree with Peter about his valuable references. Neverthless, I would like to suggest you some interesting references.
The first one is given by Lakoba et al. while discussing the Social Force Model approach and trying to define the maximum allowable acceleration/deceleration for a walking pedestrians (moving at about 1.3m/s). The suggested value, according to previous works, is about 0.2-0.3g. The considered time laps is about 0.5s, which is the relaxation (or rather the response) time for a walking pedestrian.
The second suggestion involves our research group activities on the analysis of evacuating pedestrians in case of earthquake. We collected thousands of data about instantaneous accelerations/decelerations. You can find the whole sample in the enclosed publication. As shown by Figure 10, data shown by Lakoba et al. seems to be confirmed, while some values were up to about 5m/s2 (this value is quite close to 0.5g). These values could be influenced by scale approximation errors and mainly represent people who can crush with other individuals. Normal curves can represent the acceleration distribution. In our study, the considered time gap (according to experimental activities) is in the range of 0.25s to 0.625s. At the same time, this work also offers real world emergency data about speeds (also in relation to evacuees density).
I enclose the cited publications below. Best wishes,
Gabriele Bernardini
Article Modifications of the Helbing-Molnár-Farkas-Vicsek Social For...
Article Towards creating a combined database for earthquake pedestri...
It sounds like you are looking for accelerations within a step rather than variations over a long period of time. Unfortunately the question you as is for "maximum acceleration." The maximum acceleration is going to either bring you to a complete stop (or perhaps throw you backwards), or throw you forward (maybe into a run maybe onto your face). I'm suspecting you are looking for typical accelerations during a normal walking gait. However, if you are looking for maximum accelerations, I did use a model to give a rough estimate of the maximum force a subject can apply to the torso during walking in this paper:
Technical Report Patterns of selection of human movements II: Movement limits...
Thanks everyone I was looking for a max "nominal" acceleration for starting walking (not running) and a quick stop while walking with a max velocity of 3 m/sec. The references were helpful.
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