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Considering water balance, the quantity and timing of flow may be affected, and evaporation from the ponded water likely to increase. Shallow ponds would evaporate more than deep ones. Deep ponds hold or detain more water. Ponds may have variable leakage rates to groundwater, some of which may emerge downstream. Ponds may be used for irrigation, increasing evapotranspiration rates. Ponds may or may not have downstream discharges, so some sections of streams could dry up, affecting aquatic life. Deep ponds with near bottom discharges may have cooling effect on downstream section, but oxygenation sometimes a problem. Ponds capturing heavy sediment loading may loose capacity with time, and the clean water releases can contribute to downstream erosion. It’s best to evaluate on a case by case basis, and using models that have not been validated to specific area as compared to actually collecting water balance data can cause some major inadequacies in estimates.