What is the geometric reason for the difference between fermions and bosons?

01 January 1970 0 4K Report

For myself, I explain this reason by the fact that the spin of fermions is associated with the latitude of the sphere (half a revolution of the circle), and the spin of bosons is associated with a full revolution of the circle.

Badges
Science topic

More Igor Bayak's questions See All

Why don't I have a PCR product with proofread polymerase?

Dear Colleagues, I have the following problem: I’m trying to amplify a cassette with a resistance gene (about 2 kb) from the yeast genome, so that I can then insert it into a plasmid. With Taq...

03 July 2024 105 11 View

Staining of isolated mitochondria tecnique?

Greetings, dear colleagues! Do you know any technique utilizing some ~ordinary molbiol lab reagents (not the commertial kits for isolated mitochondria staining) that will allow isolated...

07 June 2024 5,909 0 View

How proving Riemann Hypothesis will fasten the development advanced self learning algorythms?

If Proven how Riemann hypothesis will help the development of AI and maybe help us create real advanced self-councious algorythms?

05 June 2024 9,787 3 View

Which relevant sources can be used to find reports on the scope of donations to political parties within the EU?

We are working on gathering raw data and information about the scope/share of private donations and public funding to pilitical parties that sometimes in EU is a part of responsibilities of...

16 April 2024 5,178 0 View

Is it possible to know the dwell time for a given isotope/mass from a raw LA-ICP-MS trace elements data file?

I have a dataset of trace elements LA-ICP-MS analyses with raw data, which consists of a set of a single file for each spot analysis. Each of these files has some columns (masses) and plenty of...

24 March 2024 898 6 View

Why are p-values of Durbin-Watson statistics different for dwtest and durbinWatsonTest in R?

I am analyzing some time-series data. I wrote a script in R and used two methods from two different packages in R to calculate the DW statistics and respective p-values. Surprisingly, for the...

14 March 2024 6,127 1 View

How to normalize expression data with SEM?

Greetings. Probably the question is not complex at all, but can't find an answer. If I have RT-qPCR data of gene expression in a sample with multiple analitycal replicates - to compare it to data...

13 March 2024 7,640 1 View

How can I add my papers with my name with different spelling?

In particular, I have few papers with spelling Agranovskii. Thank you

05 February 2024 3,764 1 View

How to generate causal effect estimates from causal forest in the grf R package for continuous treatments?

I am using the grf R package (https://grf-labs.github.io/grf/reference/causal_forest.html) to obtain causal effect estimates for a continuous treatment variable. The package description says:...

15 January 2024 1,990 0 View

What does a 4-dimensional Euclidean space look like from the point of view of a 3-dimensional observer?

If we keep in mind that R^{4}=R^{+}xS^{3}=R^{3}*RP^{1} where * means a direct product with a singularity at the zero point of a 3-dimensional Euclidean space in which the projective line is...

30 December 2023 9,110 1 View

What is the difference between mathematical R^4 space and physical 4D unit space?

We assume that the difference is huge and that it is not possible to compare the two spaces. The R^4 mathematical space considers time as an external controller and the space itself is immobile in...

10 August 2024 6,678 14 View

What is the reason for current dropping in OER , LSV curve?

I tried four trials of the same Copper Phosphides sample in Alkaline medium ( 0.5M KOH) with Hg/HgO reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. I used 0.001 V/s scan rate for first three...

10 August 2024 3,629 1 View

What may be the reasons for failures of Tube toi Tube Sheet Joints in Boiler Drum ?

We have observed that tube to tube sheet joint leaked in our boiler and needs to overcome same by knowing the root cause.

08 August 2024 3,161 0 View

What is the problem with these tissue culture plants?

All plants are green but some of these plants becomes yellow. I did not found any reason. Please help me to find out the real problem.

01 August 2024 589 4 View

Reason for discontinuities in my Band structure?

Hey All! I am wondering what might be wrong with my band structure. I did the calculations using VASP and plotted the results using Origin. Although I have tried changing various input...

25 July 2024 2,920 11 View

Is it fare for editors of reputed Journals to put on hold manuscripts more than six months without review updates, Are they harassing researchers?

It is being seen that Editors of some reputed Journals are putting on hold the manuscripts and not updating review states even passing more than six months from submission. Researchers are...

24 July 2024 8,596 2 View

Has anyone tried freeze flow samples in -80C freezer or liquid nitrogen before processing?

Our lab has some radioactive cell samples that need to be kept frozen for at least 30 days before flow analysis. For some reason, the samples stored in liquid nitrogen did not perform as well as...

15 July 2024 9,975 1 View

My Cyclic voltammetry curve doesn't show cathodic peak of Cu2+ to Cu+. how to solve this problem?

I performed CV of Cu-MOF in a buffer solution of pH 8, and we did not find any peak corresponding to Cu2+ to Cu+. What is the reason behind this? Please give your valuable suggestions.

08 July 2024 2,388 4 View

Hello, I’m growing three species of microalgae under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Both the two turned yellow?

What could be the reason for mixotrophs to be yellow too instead of green? Thank you

08 July 2024 594 2 View

What are possible reasons for having the repeated wavy patter in Raman spectrum?

I'm currently analyzing the Raman spectra of coloured plastic samples and have encountered a wavy, oscillating pattern in the spectra of some coloured samples. I was wondering what the possible...

04 July 2024 1,949 4 View