What is the evolution of psychological criticism after structuralism?
If you are thinking of "Western Scientific" psychological schools of thought, where structuralism refers to Wilhelm Wund's emphasis on studying basic elements of sensation and thought, then schools were functionalism, behaviorism etc. However, this is only a limited view. Various other human scientific, social, natural, local, cultural, indigenous forms and views on psychology are much more commonly found all over the planet, especially in Africa, Asia, the Americas, etc. Hope this helps.
Dear Dr.Ahmed Abdelrazak
Undoubtedly, this requirement is a (contractual) requirement of faith, as man is by nature in need of (faith). This desire was not satisfied by the prevailing ideological beliefs, especially Marxism and Freudian psychological theory, as such doctrines lacked sufficient comprehensiveness to explain phenomena in general, as well as to (scientific) convincing. It seeks to be a comprehensive methodology that unifies all sciences in a new belief system that would scientifically explain all human phenomena, whether scientific or non-scientific. Hence, structuralism had to be based on an epistemology.
The relationship of the human self to its language and the universe around it acquired the attention of the structural discourse in all fields of knowledge: physics, mathematics, anthropology, sociology, philosophy and literature. Structural knowledge focused on (the world) being a reality that a person could perceive. Therefore, structuralism took a holistic, integrative approach that addresses the entire world, including human beings. The most prominent of those who worked within its framework and worked on its development: Ferdinand de Saussure and Claude Lévi-Strauss.
Structuralism literary criticism argues that the "literary banter of a text" can lie only in new structure, rather than in the specifics of character development and voice in which that structure is expressed. Literary structuralism often follows the lead of Vladimir Propp, Algirdas Julien Greimas, and Claude Lévi-Strauss in seeking out basic deep elements in stories, myths, and more recently, anecdotes, which are combined in various ways to produce the many versions of the ur-story or ur-myth.
There is considerable similarity between structural literary theory and Northrop Frye's archetypal criticism, which is also indebted to the anthropological study of myths. Some critics have also tried to apply the theory to individual works, but the effort to find unique structures in individual literary works runs counter to the structuralist program and has an affinity with New Criticism.
nuha hamid taher
Senior lecturer
Faculty of Basic Education
Mustansiriya University
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