Hi Adri,

Effective Microorganism is a blend of microorganisms which are mainly friendly microbes in a carbohydrate-rich substrate by Em Research Organization, Inc. It is mainly added to a target substrate or environment to aid a natural microbial process.

Indigenous Microorganisms are microbes which are naturally present in the target environment. If an improvement to microbial process is desired, an addition of nutrient is mostly done to the system.

To isolate them a strict biological protocol should be followed, due to policy in various countries.

The application depends on your target system. Microbes are to be selected according to your target system/process, for example in aiding ensiling (silage making), or waste treatment.

Hi Adri,

Effective microorganisms (EM) is a liquid mixture of relevant microorganisms (anaerobic and aerobic microbes) with prospective properties that are known to work cooperatively to provide tremendous benefits for soil and plants. Dr. Teruo Higa coined the term EM, he developed the mixture of compatible microbes which are suitable to remediate soil condition, ferment organic materials (such as kitchen waste) and suppress soil-borne pathogens . On the other hand, Indigenous microorganisms (MO) or also known as Beneficial Indigenous Microorganism (BIM) are similar to EMs, as they are essentially beneficial, in fact they can be referred to as Ems in some ways. as they also have the potential of biodegradation, bioleaching, bio-composting, nitrogen fixation, and soil fertility improvement. However, IMO are microbes which inhabits the soils and can be found or isolated locally targeted from undisturbed ecosystems for their prospective potentials.

I hope the links help, goodluck.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF04Edp_FHQ

Article Effective role of indigenous microorganisms for sustainable ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG3JDxlseWA

Hi Adri,

The definitive terms of EMO and IMO are indeed confusing, as there are many similarities between them. Primarily, both are mixed cultures or microbial consortia comprising a wide variety of numerous species of different microbes. According to my understanding, the most basic difference between EMO and IMO is that, EMO is a constructed (man-made) consortia, while IMO is a naturally occurring consortia. Common microbial members of EMO are lactic acid bacteria, phototrophic bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi and actinomycetes. Traditionally EMO is used for soil or ground application in agriculture for amendment of soil to increase fertility. Recently different formulations of EMOs are coming up with application in water systems, sanitation, food processing, probiotics and some other. In contrary to this IMO can be found in any and every ecosystem of air, water or soil, exhibiting a remarkable diversity in the microbe composition. From their native environment different microorganisms can be isolated and can be used in suitable bioprocesses based on their metabolic activities. The range of application of different IMOs is much wider than EMOs and includes food processing, bio-pharmaceuticals, probiotics, environmental remediation, pollution control, biological pretreatments, bioenergy production, agriculture, aquaculture and many more. Presently, remediation potential of different IMOs are being studied in their native environments as "in situ" remediation agents.

Hope this will be helpful

Regards,

Shiladitya