I will help you to explain the term ''Chemical modification'' and let's hope someone explains the term ''defect engineering''.
The term chemical modification means changing the chemical compositions of a material with the addition of one or more additional atoms.
In your case, the base material is barium titanate having a perovskite structure characterized by the chemical formula BaTiO3. This chemical composition can be changed to (BaxA1-x)TiO3, where A is a cation.
However, you should be aware of the charge neutrality of the material while modifying the chemical formula.
Usually, chemical modification is done to improve the properties of the material. Let me explain in your case.
Barium Titanate is an excellent ferroelectric material with a high dielectric constant. Therefore, it can be used as dielectrics. However, low values of the curie temperature of the barium titanate ( I think it is around 120 degrees Celsius please confirm) limit its use in the dielectric applications at high temperatures. So, by adding new atoms in the material, the curie temperature can increased so that it can be used in high-temperature applications.
"Chemical modification" in solid solution involves adding different elements to change the properties of a material, whereas "defect engineering" is about intentionally creating defects in the material's structure to control its performance. Both approaches aim to alter the material's characteristics, but through different mechanisms.
Chemical modification of Sodium Bismuth Titanate involves changing its chemical composition by adding different elements to enhance its dielectric properties. This process can improve factors such as dielectric constant, insulation resistance, and thermal stability, making the material more suitable for various applications in electronics and capacitors.