There are few materials available in literature indicating that they are removing dye using absorbance, so is the process same with photocatalytic dye degradation!!
Dye is not degraded during adsorption. It may be transformed and decolorized by the exchange of electrons with biomolecules present in biomass.
Usually, Azo dyes are studied a lot and as there are a lot of reducing substances ( Sugars and Proteins) in biomass the azo bonds of dye get decolorized.
In photocatalysis also the Reducing power is generated from the splitting of water molecules. That will decolorize the dye.
Degradation of dye is a complex process where the reduction (polycyclic aromatic rings are reduced ) followed by oxidation can break the ring structure and smaller compounds are generated.
Direct break down of polycyclic aromatic by oxidation is difficult as their bonds are unsatisfied and need electrons to satisfy valency (Remember O also requires 2 e so C=C).
If at all to be oxidized, very strong oxidizing agents and Ozone can forcibly put oxygen in the ring and degrade it. But it is a very energy-intensive process.
Modifying, transforming, or degrading dye structure is a "game of electron transfer".
Dye decolorization or initial degradation is more feasible in reducing conditions (Unsatisfied valancies in c=c) its difficult to oxidize (energy intensive).
@swapnamoy Dutta, please clarify if you mean absorption or adsorption.
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