Chilling means the cold temperature above zero (ranged 2 to 6 degree Celsius) which is required for some winter type plants such as wheat at certain time for vernalization. Frost is minus degrees of temperature (e.g. -2 to -20 or somehow less degree Celsius) needed for some cold tolerant / cold hardiness winter type plants to keep themselves survive without any damage.
thank you so much for your answer. So, chilling can be considered as hardening since hardening is used to express about temperature above 0
Yes, that is right Ahmed. Please have a look at my CV and in my paper:
Javadian, N., Karimzadeh, G., Mahfoozi, S. and Ghanati, F. (2010). Cold-induced changes of enzymes, proline, carbohydrates and chlorophyll in wheat. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 57(4): 540-547 (In English). Abstract
I may add a little more, chilling can happen as a a cold shock or long term however frost normally applies to sudden temperature-down shift to Minus or so. Hence, frost tolerance is related to cold or chilling tolerance but they are not the same! molecular mechanisms underlying the frost or chilling tolerance are different with some overlapping.
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