The best treatment approaches will likely involve the use of advanced adsorption templates like carbon aerogels, graphene or zeolites that are
functionalized or doped to facilitate thermal or catalytic oxidation.
The initial stage will serve to extract /concentrate PFOS / PFOA from an aqueous matrix followed by a secondary step where the adsorbed contaminants are subjected to aggressive thermal or catalytic oxidation on doped surface sites.
See additional approaches below
Omorodion, H., Palenzuela, M., Ruether, M., Twamley, B., Platts, J. A., & Baker, R. J. (2018). A rationally designed perfluorinated host for the extraction of PFOA from water utilising non-covalent interactions. New Journal of Chemistry.
Zhang, K., Huang, J., Yu, G., Zhang, Q., Deng, S., & Wang, B. (2013). Destruction of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by ball milling. Environmental science & technology, 47(12), 6471-6477.
Gu, Y., Dong, W., Luo, C., & Liu, T. (2016). Efficient reductive decomposition of perfluorooctanesulfonate in a high photon flux UV/sulfite system. Environmental science & technology, 50(19), 10554-10561.
Here is a good review article: Degradation and Removal Methods for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Nancy Merino, Yan Qu, Rula A. Deeb, Elisabeth L. Hawley, Michael R. Hoffmann, Shaily Mahendra, EES, 2016. Available open access (https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ees.2016.0233?utm_source=sfmc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=EES%20FP%20April%2024%202018&d=4/24/2018&mcid=342078263)
High-frequency ultrasound (250 kHz - 1300 kHz), Thermolytic process (Temperature > 1500 K), High voltage electrode plasma convert PFOS into its inorganic constituents such as fluoride, sulphate. The mechanism of degradation varies in each process and thus, different types of byproducts form after PFOS degradation. Careful consideration is required to deals with byproducts formed during these processes as some of the byproducts might be a contaminant itself.
e.g. Degradation of PFOS using high-frequency ultrasound generates hydrogen fluoride, sulfonic acid, nitrite and nitrate in huge quantity along with many unknown chemical compounds (detection of these unknown compound requires highly sophistication instruments). Many unknown byproducts and high energy requirement make the above treatment process unviable for degradation of PFOS or PFASs contaminated water/wastewater.