1. Malondialdehyde, 4- Hydroxynonenal, Hydrogen peroxide

2. Focus on Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase. I think you should focus on 4 markers

3. Malondialdehyde, SOD

4. Yes.

You can measure the extent of oxidation through lipid peroxide levels by the measurement of Malondialdehyde or Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and also by measuring the antioxidant enzyme levels by assay the of Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes .

Dr. Aliye Tabatabaee, you have asked an interesting question. But I do not think that the advises you have received will help much. Malondialdehyde, thiobarbituric acid, hydrogen peroxide have been measured by thousands of researchers for , probably, more than 60 years. And where we are? Classical lipid peroxidation can be found far more often in the refrigerator's freezer that in a diabetic patient. H2O2 is useless to measure because it unstable, and has little influence on anything in the body. Recently, people have come to conclusion that other "common" radicals also have much less damaging effects than as it was thought before.

There is also another aspect of your question: what type of diabetes you mean?

The classical diabetes, or the type 2? They have completely different mechanisms and type of metabolism. Type two is usually happening in elderly population with the developed Metabolic syndrome.

Therefore, for further discussion you and we, those who joined the current conversation, have to define more precisely what we discuss.

Sincerely,

Alexander

Oxidation products such as MDA, oxidized and reduced glutathione, reduced thiols, oxidized LDL and F2-Isoprostane

Enzyme activities: e.g. superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase

DNA damage

Chromosomal damage

Here some examples:

Article Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and DNA Repair in Female Patien...

Article Association of Genomic Instability with HbA1c levels and Med...

Article Genome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of diabetic an...

Good luck.

1. You can use Level of MDA or TBARs or protein carbonyl.

2. You can examine as many markers as possible to show the extent of oxidative stress in your study (such as lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, DNA damage) depending on the scope and design of your study.

3. MDA and SOD (or TAOC).

4. Yes

thank you all for considering this question and answering it, helped me a lot to have a better understanding of the subject.

regard,

Aliye

My dear colleagues, our problem doing Science is changing our views from time to time. Best of all, on time. More that 25 years ago a new type of auto-oxidation of lipids in vivo has been discovered by researchers at the Vanderbilt University.

I have attached my reviewing paper which briefly explains what is the essence of the Isoprostane Pathway of Lipid Peroxidation. In addition, recently it has been recognized that the "regular" oxygen radicals do not do much harm in vivo, and the "regular" antioxidants have no influence on aging. This means, that we MUST change the paradigm of our thinking. The markers of OS you discuss here are more appropriate if you study oxidative stress of the fish you store in refrigerator.

glutathione : GSH : GSSG ratio is also interesting!!

best regards

MDA, GSH, CAT, GST, SOD .........and rutien biochemical parameters ....

Enclosed articles can give you ideas

best regards

Possibly changed parameters are GSH, and a ratio of GSH:GSSG, SOD, MDA, plasma antioxidant vitamins, GPx and catalase.

Dear @ Aliye,

As you are already aware of the fact that, Increased level of MDA in diabetics suggests that peroxidative injury may be involved in the development of diabetic complications.

So, by considering this, You can use the n number of highly reactive compounds such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) or protein carbonyl.

Please find the attached link for your reference.

Article Markers of Oxidative Stress during Diabetes Mellitus

Best Regards

Dear Colleagues, there will be a webinar where I will present some of mu views on the role of fatty acids metabolism in complications during Diabetes and the possible mechanism of T2Diabetes in elderly people.

Webinar Frontiers in Diabetes & Endocrinology (IWDE2021).

Webinar Name:  2nd Global Experts Meeting on Frontiers in Diabetes & Endocrinology

Dates: March 08-09, 2021

My presentation will elucidate the role of lipid peroxidation in the diabetes, as correctly suggested by Sourbh Garg, but the mechanisms he suggested are very outdated. Dr. Garg, you should consider first of all the Isoprostane pathway of lipid peroxidation and ROS production during oxidation of fatty acids.

I have attached my papers on the subject, just to get a little acquainted with the subject.

Except for common marker of oxidative stress (such as MDA, 4HNE, 8-OHdG etc), the AGES (Advance glycation end product) is more specific marker of oxidative stress in diabetes

Very best wishes sir