In my opinion current evidences demonstrates that active robotic-assisted surgeries are more capable of improving mechanical alignment and prosthesis implantation when compared with human. However, in the prosthetic field, the ultimate goal is to improve the clinical outcome by using a technique that prolongs the longevity of prosthesis and therefore of patients.

In the future, studies are required to investigate the potential benefits and long-term clinical outcomes of active robotic-assisted surgery. Hence, human may the best outcome measure.

There companies already researching on transforming orthopedics with robot-assisted surgeries. While I was studying on some of the related topic I figured that one of the company owner stated it to be cost - effective and increases ease of use but they are still researching the accountability of its accuracy and improvement.

I attended a demonstration of Stryker's arthroplasty robot (Mako), which is currently being introduced in the UK via private healthcare companies (BMI). I discussed theatre aspects of this approach and whilst the surgery duration has not changed between standard or robotic approach, the incisions are small and patients that were available to talk to on the day had reported a shorter length of stay and improved outcomes. The use of CT imaging as a guide during surgery I found particularly interesting as Surgeons are able to take templating one step further and account for all types of structural differences and by using the robot this can be precision cutting. Kayani (2018 - Bone & J Journal) has produced some research on knee arthroplasty and there is a systematic review by Chen (2018) that might be of use?

I have no experience for robotic orthopedic surgery and I am Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation specialist. Robotic rehabilitation is applied to improve the function such as gait for lower limb especially in neurological case.