The CRISPR CAS9 technology has become popular for crop improvement and is considered to be better than the other biotechnology termed as genetic engineering. Can people from the field explain [in less technical terms] the basic differences in terms of human safety, environmental sustainability and cost? It is appreciated if the discussion(s) also includes the conventional genetic improvement using mutagenesis. Thanks.
With GMO there is introduction of foreign genetic material from different organism hence referred to as transgenic or from same organism hence refere to as Cisgenic whereas with CRISPR/CAS9 involves changing/altering original base pair arrangements within the genome of an organism (in simple terms) hence there is no introductions.
There are no differences between GMO and CRISPR/CASn modified organisms.
more discussions here:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_you_agree_that_plants_created_using_novel_genome_editing_methods_CRISPRs_must_be_classed_as_genetically_modified_organisms
CRISPR is a tool that alters the genetic make up of an organism resulting in creation of a GMO.
Thank you Ruslan Kalendar . The discussion link was so helpful. I asked 2 questions there and hopefully, I will get some clarification.
Muhammad Nadeem thanks for the answer
With GMO there is introduction of foreign genetic material from different organism hence referred to as transgenic or from same organism hence refere to as Cisgenic whereas with CRISPR/CAS9 involves changing/altering original base pair arrangements within the genome of an organism (in simple terms) hence there is no introductions.
Think of it as a method of engineering or perhaps rather like 'keyhole surgery'. It is more precise, less invasive and has fewer if any unwanted side effects. Consequently the results are more accurate and desirable.
GMO organisms are carrying foreign genetic materials, however; CRISPR alters the genetic material and it's organisms are free of foreign genetic materials
I think that GMO is involved in insertion of a gene from different organism, while CRISPR/CAS9 is just editing the same gene without insertion from different organism.
Saleh Hamed I agree with u. thats the simplest and factual difference yaa
GMO involves the insertion of transgenic material into an organism while CRISPR-CAS9 is a form of gene editing which allows researchers to customize a living organism’s genetic sequence by making very specific changes to its DNA. Gene editing has a wide array of applications, being used for the genetic modification of crop plants and livestock and of laboratory model organisms.
CRISPER/Cas9 genome editing tool is still evolving and is becoming highly efficient each passing day. Off-target specificity was a huge issue at the onset but this is being drastically reduced. The tool serves as a mutagen that introduces mutation in the form of insertions, deletions and substitution at targeted sites which consequently changes the expression of a target gene.
GMO organisms usually obtain foreign genetic materials, however, CRISPR organisms only edit their own genes. In addition, The biggest problem of both GMO and CRISPR-CAS9 is that they both need using marker genes in the positive selection process, and the marker genes have been considered as the most controversy problem, so from this angle, there is no difference between them. Actually, the marker genes can be deleted in the following hybrid selection.
this link is useful
https://www.acsh.org/.../crispr-created-foods-are-different-gmos-its-w...
regards
I see CRISPR/Cas as a transformation technique since it involves construct designed synthetically.
Both the methods lead to the genetic modifications, in the transgenics, there are genetic materials that are not necessarily native to the GMO. In CRISPR, the first few generations are transgenic as they carry the Cas protein and a guide RNA, these extraneous genetic material can be seggregated out and nulls with edits can be selected in seed propagated crops. These edited nulls are free from transgene and are indistinguishable from the natural allelic variants. While DNA free CRISPR is employed in vegetatively propagated crops such as banana to avoid transgene.
Manamohan Maligeppagol Thank you for the clear explanation of the CRSPR technique for the different categories of crops. This is really simple to understand.
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