Please find a good paper on "How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design" Kolner Z Soz Sozpsychol. 2017; 69(Suppl 2): 107–131. doi: 10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1

Mixed methodology is using both qualitative and quantitative approaches together. Quantitative approach refers to using some kind of statistical analysis. While qulaitative approach is different. These are some of the most common qualitative methods:

Observations: recording what you have seen, heard, or encountered in detailed field notes.

Interviews: personally asking people questions in one-on-one conversations.

Focus groups: asking questions and generating discussion among a group of people.

Surveys: distributing questionnaires with open-ended questions.

Secondary research: collecting existing data in the form of texts, images, audio or video recordings, etc.

In various stages of the research process, mixed methods design (MMD) entails philosophical assumptions that govern the direction of data collection and analysis, as well as the mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018). MMD remains controversial among experts; however, its major types, highlighted in relevant literature, are as follows.

• Convergent Parallel: Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis take place at the same time, and the results are compared when the study is completed.
• Explanatory Sequential: Quantitative data collection and analysis takes place first, then comes qualitative data collection and analysis.
• Exploratory Sequential: Qualitative data collection and analysis happens first, then comes quantitative data collection and analysis.
• Embedded: Quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analyzed simultaneously within a quantitative design or qualitative design.
• Transformative: Qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis can happen simultaneously or sequentially; a transformative design gives room for the researcher to work within a particular theoretical framework.
• Multiphase: Separate quantitative and qualitative studies are carried out to collect data before a mixed methods study is performed.

The applicability of each MMD type hinges on one’s study aim and objectives that underlie their research design. For in-depth insights, you could check out the following related books and articles.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.

Heap, V., & Waters, J. (2019). Introduction to mixed methods. Mixed Methods in Criminology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315143354-1

McKim, C. A. (2016). The value of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 11(2), 202-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689815607096

Hesse-Biber, S. N., & Johnson, B. (2015). The Oxford handbook of multimethod and mixed methods research inquiry. Oxford Library of Psychology.

Plano Clark, V., & Ivankova, N. (2016). Mixed methods research: A guide to the field. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://www.doi.org/10.4135/9781483398341

Tashakkori, A., Johnson, R. B., & Teddlie, C. (2020). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Watkins, D., Gioia, D., & Watkins, D. C. (2015). Mixed methods research. OUP US.

Good luck,

I would recommend reading the following article:

- Terrell, Steven R. (2012) Mixed-Methods Research Methodologies, Qualitative Report, Vol. 17, No.1. pp. 254-280.

To be strict and honest, qualitative analysis approaches are usually touted as diametrically opposite to quantitative approaches. In a "qual" analysis (depending on which kind of approach you take but in general) you will sample, analyse, define, re-sample, re-analyse and re-define until you have reached "theoretical saturation" (that means, you keep on getting the same answers no matter how much more research you do.) Of course most young researchers think they will do "qual" because it absolves them from statistics but then they are not prepared to do the large amount of work that a qual analysis, to be scientifically respectable, will require. Their work is often useless.

"Quant" on the other hand is seen as a methodology (ie a set of methods) for getting numeric data that will support or reject a well-formulated hypothesis. There are well established statistical criteria that enable the researcher to judge to what extent they have met the requirements of scientific measurement and how important their findings are given the theory within which they work.

However - I have always encouraged my students (and continue to do so myself!) to gather data both that is expressed immediately in terms of numbers AND data that is expressed in language (I don't deal with research questions that may yield other kinds of non-numeric data such as visual representations, movements, etc.) The challenge then is to apply methods of analysis to the non-numeric data that will make it quantifiable: I have always used varieties of Content Analysis that stay close to the actual words used and derive broader categories of meaning from such data. You can then in the end make statements like "60% of respondents said they were offended by your vocabulary" or "40% of your respondents thought your use of images was helpful". Stuff that you could never attempt to quantify directly.

Using both qual and quant approaches to gather data helps the researcher focus on the *problem* and to de-focus on the *methodology* and it is sometimes called "triangulation" (ie, determining the locus of a point by taking readings from different starting positions).

Take a look at sumi.uxp.ie for an example of a research tool that assists the researcher in a mixed methods triangulation approach.

Out of all items recommended by Mohialdeen Alotumi, I think the introductory textbook by Creswell and Plano-Clark (2018) would be the best starting point.

I would recommend reading the following publications:

• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
• Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. 7th edition, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

In a mixed method one could do exploration first with Personal interview.This method will give you some new variables which are not present in past studies.THen you so a causal study by using the SEM where you have these new and old variables.This way you can add to the theory of the past literature too.

thank you for raising that interesting question! I really got benefit from the answers.

5 hours ago

you can use theses sources :

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rded.). SAGE. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/designing-and-conducting-mixed-methods-research/book241842

Passey, D. (2020). Sequential exploratory mixed methods: A case study examining managers’ support for wellness programs. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529709551

I recommend this paper

How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research DesignJudith Schoonenboom · R. Burke Johnson

Plz find the attachment.

Thank you