@G A Rajanna, Output of crop models like percent error and Their derived coefficient are not directly used but it's output like adjustment of planting windows, adjustment of fertilizer dose and it's genetic potential of cultivars under varying environmental conditions. By using their derived and value added information using these information are Incorporated in various reports. By using farmers participatory approach, we can plan and change management strategy and reduce cost of cultivation and increased BC ratio at field level.

Some other scientifically application but they are simplified and at par at ground level by planner and scientific organization

1) Yield gap analysis

2) Land evaluation and their management

3) Prediction of potential yield

4) Adjustment of planting windows

5) forecasting of crop yield

6) Prediction of insect and pest and their forewarning

Thank you Yogesh Kumar Ji for your valuable suggestions. But what is the efficiency of these outputs like yield gap analysis, forecasting etc. You know rainfall is highly variable and unpredictable. If this is the situation farmers needs real time contingency measures. Out most field experience and knowledge on farm practices is needs at that time. Can these models play this role

Good question........follow

As weather is highly erratic and mercurial these days

I am not sure, if prediction by crop models well ahead of season would do much to tackle real time contingency plannings.

Rather, precise weather forecasts/information with enough lead time before any adverse climatic event, if delivered to the end users/farmers, would surely help in choosing necessary actions in the mean time to efficiency manage and allocate his resources at farm level.

G A Rajanna Sir.

@G A Rajanna Dear Sir, efficiency of the model are 10% (either positive and negative) in DSSAT and 15% in InfoCrop or some other models. By using it's output we can Estimate and forecasting of AGRICULTURAL crops, phenology, yield and its production. It helps directly in planning and management at field level. Regarding rainfall, its amount and intensity differed from place to place and it directly affect crop yield and production, using sensitivity analysis in modeling we can Estimate this much amount of rainfall is beneficial for crop and that amount is affect crop yield negatively. But sir these results directly can't find the way at field level. It helps scientifically and it's relevance are Incorporated in contingency planning measure which is further issued for farmers.

Yogesh Kumar Ji, i know that it predicts the future based on past but how far its applicability helpful to the farmers when come to the mid season correction. Now a days majority of the work related to modelling but the climatic vagaries are continuing and crop loss is well evident. In my view modelling should be based on real time contingency but not on past data.

Dear Sir, in mid season if there is occurrences of drought, hailstorm and heavy rainfall then the farmers and cop planner go for contingency planning issued by agricultural agencies using Output. It includes like application of life saving irrigation and uses of soil moisture conservation methods. But some part is lacking in modeling regarding current stage of the crop and it Imitate the behaviour of the system as we have provide the data sets but it differed from actual conditions of environment.

Beautiful question and great answers

I wish you success in the service of humanity and science