Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRhBBFDdIFQ
Dear Colleagues,
Good Day,
"Reverse Osmosis (RO) Process Water Treatment
.....
The reverse osmosis process
In the reverse osmosis process cellophane-like membranes separate purified water from contaminated water. RO is when a pressure is applied to the concentrated side of the membrane forcing purified water into the dilute side, the rejected impurities from the concentrated side being washed away in the reject water.
RO can also act as an ultra-filter removing particles such as some micro-organisms that may be too large to pass through the pores of the membrane."...
Please, go to the attached link for more details...
https://accepta.com/environmental-water-wastewater-knowledge/reverse-osmosis-membrane-technologies-knowledge/303-reverse-osmosis-ro-process-water-treatment
Dear Colleagues,
Good Day,
"Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis can remove many types of dissolved and suspended species from water, including bacteria, and is used in both industrial processes and the production of potable water. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. To be "selective", this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through the pores (holes), but should allow smaller components of the solution (such as solvent molecules) to pass freely.
In the normal osmosis process, the solvent naturally moves from an area of low solute concentration (high water potential), through a membrane, to an area of high solute concentration (low water potential). The driving force for the movement of the solvent is the reduction in the free energy of the system when the difference in solvent concentration on either side of a membrane is reduced, generating osmotic pressure due to the solvent moving into the more concentrated solution. Applying an external pressure to reverse the natural flow of pure solvent, thus, is reverse osmosis. The process is similar to other membrane technology applications. However, key differences are found between reverse osmosis and filtration. The predominant removal mechanism in membrane filtration is straining, or size exclusion, so the process can theoretically achieve perfect efficiency regardless of parameters such as the solution's pressure and concentration. Reverse osmosis also involves diffusion, making the process dependent on pressure, flow rate, and other conditions. Reverse osmosis is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification from seawater, removing the salt and other effluent materials from the water molecules."...
Please, go to the attached website link to read the rest of the article...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis
Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Plants
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRhBBFDdIFQ
Basically RO module consists of long thin fibres with pore space = size of pure H2O molecules. Here pressure is applied using pumps to split other molecules and allow the passage of pure water. Hence, we get a concentrated brine stream and treated pure water stream.
Dr. Ali,
A Simple and Straightforward Water Filtration Process. Reverse Osmosis is a process in which dissolved inorganic solids (such as salts) are removed from a solution (such as water). This is accomplished by household water pressure pushing the tap water through a semipermeable membrane
Dear Ali
In the reverse osmosis process cellophane-like membranes separate purified water from contaminated water. RO is when a pressure is applied to the concentrated side of the membrane forcing purified water into the dilute side, the rejected impurities from the concentrated side being washed away in the reject water. RO can also act as an ultra-filter removing particles such as some micro-organisms that may be too large to pass through the pores of the membrane.
Common membrane materials include polyamide thin film composites (TFC), cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose triacetate (CTA) with the membrane material being spiral wound around a tube, or hollow fibers bundled together. Hollow fiber membranes have a greater surface area and hence capacity but are more easily blocked than spiral wound membranes. RO membranes are rated for their ability to reject compounds from contaminated water. A rejection rate (% rejection) is calculated for each specific ion or contaminant as well as for reduction of total dissolved solids (TDS).
The performance of a system depends on factors such as membrane type, flow control, feed water quality, temperature and pressure. Also only part of the water entering the unit is usable, this is called the % recovery. This is affected by the factors listed above. For example the amount of treated water produced can decrease by about 1-2% for every 1 degree Celsius below the optimum temperature. Systems must be well maintained to ensure good performance with any fouling requiring cleaning maximizing the output of water.
Regards,
Ata
Reverse osmosis or reverse osmosis (known as RO) is an opposite process of the natural phenomenon called osmosis. In reverse osmosis, water is transferred from the higher solution to the bottom through a semipermeable membrane using pressure. It is a method of water purification by passing through a number of stages, which then separates the water from the salts and other minerals.
The main purpose of the device is the purification and sterilization of the water and the disposal of the (bacteria - bacteria obtained - viruses - fungi - ...)
In a saltwater environment.
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