In wireless sensor network applications, energy saving is a critical parameter to elongate the lifetime of the network. The Antenna collects the microwave energy , the matching network pass it to a rectifier unit which transfers it to DC level, the Energy efficiency is a metric for the quality of the system. Sometimes due to the low DC voltage a DC multiplier is used.
RF energy harvesting is the concept of receiving free electromagnetic energy at RF. At this era, RF energy is broadly used for communication and broadcasting. So there are free RF energy around us. The way to capture this free energy is to design a receiver which receive electromagnetic wave at RF frequency and convert to DC energy bank. Antenna is a device which converts RF electromagnetic wave to AC signal. To convert AC signal to signal, we need nonlinear devices such as diode or transistor to do this job. Simple thinking, the antenna should capture all RF signals all directions. So broadband and versatile polarization are desired. Another issue is good energy efficient is also desired to guarantee 100% AC energy converted from RF electromagnetic energy though this is the ideal case. These requirements are also desired for the nonlinear devices .