Microstrip monopole antenna is a kind of patch antenna with kind of defected ground plane in some case. Generally, patch antenna term is used for circular, rectangular or square patch antennas
In case of printed/microstrip monopole, there would be partial ground plane or semi infinite ground plane. As a result, printed monopoles radiates in both directions. While in case Microstrip patch antenna, a complete ground plane will be available which acts as infinite ground plane, thus, reduces the back radiations.
However, usually both are fabricated using the microstrip technology called PCB
Monopole antenna comes under the category of wired antennas while microstrip patch comes under the patch antennas category. Monopole antennas generally used at low frequency while microstrip antennas used at microwave frequency.
In the micro strip mono-pole antenna, patch shape and size similar to a pole, rather then in case Microstrip patch antenna in general patch are rectangular, circular and different shapes.