h-index is calculated based on the citations received by your publications. If 5 of your papers are cited by at least 5 times by others, your h-index will be 5. Nowadays, the h-index plays a vital role to judge the impact of a researcher's contribution. More over, it plays a pivotal role in promotions, award of projects, etc.
I just like to add that to have a good 'h'-index one needs both -number of publications as well as number of citations. If you really want to have h-index 100 than you must have at least 100 number of publications ! The problem of the h-index is- it does not consider high number of citations in one individual paper. Example: two authors who are having same h-index but one author might have at least one publication which might have cited more 1000 times whereas such is not for another author with same h-index !
The h-index is a number intended to represent both the productivity and the impact of a particular scientist or scholar, or a group of scientists or scholars (such as a departmental or research group).
The h-index is calculated by counting the number of publications for which an author has been cited by other authors at least that same number of times. For instance, an h-index of 17 means that the scientist has published at least 17 papers that have each been cited at least 17 times. If the scientist's 18th most cited publication was cited only 10 times, the h-index would remain at 17. If the scientist's 18th most cited publication was cited 18 or more times, the h-index would rise to 18.
Part of the purpose of the h-index is to eliminate outlier publications that might give a skewed picture of a scientist's impact. For instance, if a scientist published one paper many years ago that was cited 9,374 times, but has since only published papers that have been cited 2 or 3 times each, a straight citation count for that scientist could make it seem that his or her long-term career work was very significant. The h-index, however, would be much lower, signifying that the scientist's overall body of work was not necessarily as significant.
The h-index is a critical metric that shows the impact of the work a Scientist or a group of Scientists is doing. It simply proves if the works coming from the Scientist in question are fully accepted or is applied in solving real-life problems.
It is curial for Scientists to keep an eye on this important metric, as it proves both scientific efficiency and effective contributions to knowledge