Electrons are particles orbiting around the nucleus, they absorb energy and excite to another higher level and they lose energy in the form photon hence moving to another lower level. The whole question is to understand what is happening at the interface of these things adding and separating. Photons are particles, if they are ejected from the electron; there must a stage of constant acceleration from ‘0’ to ‘c’. Does there this acceleration exists if not, then what exactly happens at the interface of addition of energy to an electron, also what happens when a photon is ejected from an electron.
Photons are massless meaning they exist only with speed c. When the electron is exited the photon doesn't exist. In order to be born a photon from the electron there must be an external field. Such fields exists even in vacuum. So the energy of that field is enhanced at some instant by hv e.g, you can say
that a photon is born. There is acceleration of the photon from 0 to c.
But considering the facts, the photons have rest mass zero. But photons don't exist in rest. What i see is a contradiction of facts.
I would appreciate if you can brief me a little about the field that you have mentioned in your answer.
There is no such thing as rest mass of photon. It is always moving even if you move with it at c. Rest mass have the electron and the proton. If they move their mass increases.
The fields are in fact EM fields comprised from photons. They exist even in empty space.
There is no "orbiting around the nucleus".
There are no "Photons (as) particles", meaned as small little things.
In 1926 in the Physical Review, Erwin Schrödinger had already answered your questions. Alas, he had (temporarily) given up the relativistic frame, so he had no more intrinsic and definite energy-per-state, so no intrinsic frequencies either. He did not corrected this thoughtless mistake before 1930, but when he did, only P.A.M. Dirac took care. Bad luck for everybody, for ever after.
Quantum world is not completely accessible to our intuition built on everyday experience. Yet in case of photoelectric effect there is such a chance. It works nearly as a familar billiards: incoming photon strikes an electron and ejects it from the material but at a cost of changing its own energy and momentum. The peculiarity of photon's energy is that it is not related to its velocity (always equal to c) but rather to frequency. Scattered photon simply runs away. That is all -- when the ejected electron was residing in the outer shell of an ion. When the electron was burried deeper, then its place will be soon filled by other electron, coming from the shell with higher energy. The excess energy is radiated as still another photon, with conservation of system's momentum. Its again like a billiards ball entering pot. It makes noise, but noise itself is not a part of the billiards ball.
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