I'm constructing a different current-voltage curve using a potenciometer of 50 kΩ and 250 kΩ, but the results are bad. I'm using the system showed in the attachment. How can I improve this system?
You probably need wider resistance spectrum. For quick estimation of Voc and Isc I used loads of 1MΩ and 50Ω respectively. Also, If you have access to some automated system like Metrohm Autolab it makes things much faster and easier
The circuit shown is Ok! and generally used for I-V measurements. However, veryfy the internal impedence of thesource/ generater, in this case the solar cell, also let us know the voltage(Voc) and Current magnitude (Isc). What exactly results bad means? could you reach Isc and Voc? Are you able to plot dark I-V also? Please let us know more details.
The main problem I have with DSSC is the slow response time. Your circuit is manual so you will have to wait 1 to 10 seconds per point to let the current settle out. As pointed out by others your range of resistances is very limited. to get within 10 mV of 0 volts with 0.1 A you will need a load resistor=0.01/0.1=0.1 ohms. The power rating of your resistors needs to be at least 6 (10 better) times Isc*Isc*Resistor value. We also use a power supply to cover the entire curve.