A transfusion reaction will occur if an individual receives too much blood. It may induce swelling throughout the body or fluid buildup in the lungs, resulting in difficulties in breathing. This will develop in transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) due to volume excess or circulatory overload, particularly in patients with comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, respiratory failure, and positive fluid balance. According to an article, TACO develops when there is a higher rate of blood (plasma) transfusion instead of infusion only 250 to 500 mL per hour, which is comparable to one bag in 30 to 60 minutes. Acute respiratory distress, such as dyspnea, orthopnea, or cough, high brain natriuretic peptide (BNP or proBNP), elevated central venous pressure (CVP), and indications of left heart failure are symptoms of this reaction. It can, however, be avoided by restricting the total volume of crystalloid and colloid infused as well as the pace of infusion. Plasma infusion rate lowered to 1 mL per kg body weight should be given to individuals with circulatory overload risk factors. In severe cases, supplementary oxygen or diuretics are administered.

Crna, R. N. M. (2022, May 6). Transfusion Reactions. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/transfusion-reaction-hemolytic#lower-your-risk

TACO is a serious transfusion reaction from blood transfusion. (n.d.). http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/transfusion-associated-circulatory-overload.html

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO). (n.d.). Retrieved February 24, 2023, from https://www.jrc.or.jp/mr/english/pdf/TransfusionInformation146.pdf

According to URMC, patients with transfusion overload may suffer from shortness of breath and other symptoms from patients similar with cardiac diseases. This may also lead to Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO). Taking diuretics may ease the following symptoms associated with transfusion overload.

Sources: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=135&contentid=315#:~:text=Too%20much%20blood%20in%20the,in%20people%20with%20heart%20problems.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128143131000034

According to an article by a Medical doctor named Sarode (2022), massive transfusion of blood can cause some complications to the person's health inside the body. One example is that if there is too much blood transfused, there is a tendency that there will be an impairment to blood clotting. Reason for this is because the different components in our body such as platelets and clotting factors can't compensate for the amount of blood being administered when an injury occurs. Additionally, the large amount of transfused blood may also lead to electrolyte imbalance such as hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. A combination of these factors may lead to muscle weakness, spasms, and abnormal heart rhythms.

Source:

Sarode, Ravindra MD (2022, February). Precautions and Adverse Reactions During Blood Transfusion. Extracted from: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/blood-transfusion/precautions-and-adverse-reactions-during-blood-transfusion#:~:text=Complications%20of%20massive%20transfusion,-Massive%20transfusion%20is&text=Such%20transfusion%20is%20sometimes%20necessary,...%20read%20more%20).