Planck Epoch (or Planck Era), from zero to approximately 10^-43 seconds (1 Planck Time):
This is the closest that current physics can get to the absolute beginning of time, and very little can be known about this period. General relativity proposes a gravitational singularity before this time (although even that may break down due to quantum effects), and it is hypothesized that the four fundamental forces (electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force and gravity) all have the same strength, and are possibly even unified into one fundamental force, held together by a perfect symmetry which some have likened to a sharpened pencil standing on its point (i.e. too symmetrical to last). At this point, the universe spans a region of only 10^-35 meters (1 Planck Length), and has a temperature of over 1032°C (the Planck Temperature).
http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/topics_bigbang_timeline.html
For long time seemed the Friedmann equation is able to explain universe, but in recent years, the cosmological constant was of interest to cosmologists. However, these two equations are unable to explain before the Big Bang. Thus this paper, from a new approach, turns out to merge the fundamental principles of quantum physics, relativity and classical mechanics through a new definition of rest state of particles like photon, and attempts to present the reasons and the possibilities of the existence of the superluminal speeds. So according to this new view some complex concepts and unanswered questions is explained in this paper.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279446746_Graviton_and_cosmology_equations_before_the_Big_Bang?ev=prf_pub
Article Graviton and cosmology equations, before the Big Bang
Dear Prof. Javadi,
I think in whatever way you speculate on this answer it has to be true that there had to be some field from which spaceXtime emerged and that transformation can be an Econophysics production system where Gauge Fields emerged from Particle Fields in nonlinear time to be String Differentiable. Please if you like to you can take a look at my paper on Haag's Theorem and Political Environment on my RG page.Earl SKM QC PhD EPS Fellow (Indirect) MES MRES MAICTE
Dear Soumitra
Thank you for interesting address, I read your paper, but it is not on physics area.
Hope more success for you.
Dear Prof. Javadi,
I have published it in both quantitative finance as well as physics journals in various approaches. I thank you for your comment. However being primarily trained in Economic Sciences at the graduate level I agree Econophysics to me is much more Economic & Methematical Sciences. However the very concept of dynamic equilibrium and evolving entropy is Physics I think. Earl SKM QC EPS Fellow (In)
Dear Soumitra
Certainly different sciences have intersections together. And you're philosopher better than I can explain this profound subscription.
I suggest see my following article.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279531060_Graviton_physical_time_and_thermodynamics?ev=prf_pub
Article Graviton: physical time and thermodynamics
CERN “GRAVITON” “OPENS DOOR” to Multiple Universe, Space- TIme & “BOTTOMLESS PIT”
http://investmentwatchblog.com/cern-graviton-opens-door-to-multiple-universe-space-time-bottomless-pit/
And
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noeelFDsKS4
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Physical Sciences
- Mechanics
- Classical Mechanics