This study investigates the primary factors that lead first- and second-year students to depart from higher education. Based on this analysis, it also proposes a framework for developing targeted interventions to boost student retention and success. How can universities identify the key factors leading to dropout among first- and second-year students and develop effective strategies to improve retention?
High dropout rates among first- and second-year university students are primarily driven by academic unpreparedness, financial strain, a lack of social integration, and personal challenges. Students may struggle with rigorous coursework or find that their chosen program doesn't align with their interests. The rising cost of education often forces students to leave school to work. Additionally, feelings of isolation or a lack of connection to the campus community can lead to disengagement.
To solve this, universities should implement proactive academic support like early warning systems and tutoring services to help struggling students. They should also increase financial aid and offer financial literacy programs. To boost social integration, institutions should promote mentorship programs and extracurricular activities to build a sense of belonging. Finally, expanding and advertising mental health services can help students manage stress and personal issues, ensuring they have the support needed to succeed.
Academic, personal, and financial factors are the most important reasons for university students dropping out in their first and second years.
Main Factors Causing Dropout
* Academic Difficulties: Failure to adapt to more complex university curricula, poor academic preparation, and choosing an inappropriate major.
* Personal and Social Factors: Feelings of loneliness and isolation, inability to adapt socially, and psychological stress.
* Financial Factors: High tuition costs and lack of adequate financial support.
Proposed Solutions
* Academic Support: Providing orientation programs for new students, offering introductory courses, and implementing early warning systems to assist struggling students.
* Social and Psychological Support: Activating the role of academic and psychological advisors and establishing peer mentoring programs.
* Financial Support: Providing grants and student loans, and organizing workshops on financial management for students.هح
They have wrongly chosen the course,as a parental pressure.They may not know the scope of the subject.They may have some psychological problems.To boast personal interest, institution can organise lot of workshop,seminar and conference.
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