Broadbent in his model presents The dichotic listening task in the selective attention and The participant’s task is to pay attention to, or shadow !!
After listening, the participant remembers the sounds he has heard before
for both the shadowed and unattended channels
Please explain
My greetings * ahmed *
O tries to remember the sounds on both channels. The attended channel's sounds are remembered in greater numbers.
thank you
but What does it mean the shadowed and unattended channels ?
The task is designed to look at the effects of the limited resource for attention. The participant is asked to repeat each word on the "shadowed channel" as the words are heard, i.e., create a shadow of the incoming words. That task ensures competition for any attention to the other channel ("unattended"). The speed of the recording on the shadowed channel can be adjusted.to make the task more or less demanding of attention.
Ahmed,
This is what I believe it means:
To give some context, Broadbendt's model is the first proposed model of attention in late 50s. This model attempts to explain one important feature of attention, namely, selective attention. Selective attention is our ability to selectively attend to one and disregard the rest of the information. For instance, you are watching a movie and you hear a person in the next row talking on phone. Of course, it is annoying. The fact that you can filter-out the talk on phone and selectively attend to the audio from the movie is selective attention.
The question theorists cognitive scientists is: how do we know which information to select and which information to attend to? In other words, it is imperative that we need to process both selected and unselected information to decide which one to give additional resources. One example I often use in my cognition class is this: of course, this is a visual example, but the concept is similar. I hold a bunch of coins -- quarters & 5-centes -- in a bowl and ask a student in the class to pick a quarter. Then I ask them whether they directly select a quarter or screen the coins in general before selecting a quarter. Of course, it depends on whether there are more quarters and several other factors. The point is we process both attended/selected and unattended/unselected information before we process it.
An important question would be how much of the unattended information do we processes? Broadbendt's model assumes that we only process the physical features all the available information before selecting what we need to further process. In the dichotic task experiments you are referring to, participants report or remember information both from attended (shadowed) ear and unattended ear suggesting that we processes even the unattended information. But the important point is participants only report physical features of the information presented in the unattended ear. For example, they typically report that they heard something in a different or same language, or that it is a high pitched or pitched voice. Participants however did not report remembering the content (meaningful information) of the information presented to the unattended ear. These findings support Broadbendt's theory of attention, aka, early selection theory. We only process the physical features of the unattended information to distinguish it from the important important information; hence, early selection theory.
There were several other theories presented after that. One that is well known is Anne Triesman' attenuation theory -- a late selection theory. According to this theory, we process both physical features and the meaning/semantics of the information before selecting the important information; hence, the name, late selection theory. There are several other experimental findings that support the late selection theory.
Hope this helps.
Sri
Thank you so much for the explanation
I am happy to contact you
My greetings * ahmed *
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