A study performed at the University of Michigan examined whether brain activity is associated with treatment response to exposure-based CBT.

Eighty-seven patients with OCD were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of CBT or a control intervention called stress management therapy. Before treatment, researchers conducted functional MRI (fMRI) brain scans while patients performed a series of tasks. They completed the symptom severity scale Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) throughout treatment.

The patients with the most significant response to CBT showed more activation in several brain areas before starting treatment. The active regions are associated with cognitive control and reward processing. These data suggest that brain scans could identify biomarkers to personalize treatment in OCD. 

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