Blockchain is a distributed database of immutable records called blocks, which are secured using cryptography. There are a previous hash, transaction details, nonce, and target hash value. Financial institutions were the first to pay notice to it, as it was in simple words a new payment system.
Block is a place in a blockchain where data is stored. In the case of cryptocurrency blockchains, the data stored in a block are transactions. These blocks are chained together by adding the previous block's hash to the next block's header. It keeps the order of the blocks intact and makes the data in the blocks immutable.
A block is like a record of the transaction. Each time a block is verified, it gets recorded in chronological order in the main Blockchain. Once the data is recorded, it cannot be modified.