It follows with the history of the Arabs before Islam, the work of the Prophet, his life and death, and events that led to the Karbala tragedy. The Battle of Karbala is described in detail; Frashëri eulogizes those who fell as martyrs, in particular Husayn ibn Ali
Karbala (Arabic: كَرْبَلَاء, translit. Karbalā’, Persian: کربلاء), also Kerbala, is a city in central Iraq, located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorate, and has an estimated population of 700,000 people (2015).
The city, best known as the location of the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE, or the Mosques of Imam Husayn and Abbas] is considered a holy city for Shi'ite Muslims in the same way as Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem. Tens of millions of Shi'ite Muslims visit the site twice a year, rivaling Mecca as a place of pilgrimage.[6][7][8][9] The martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali is commemorated annually by millions of Shi'ites. Up to 8 million pilgrims visit the city to observe ‘Āshūrā’ (the tenth day of the month of Muharram), which marks the anniversary of Husayn's death, but the main event is the Arba‘īn (the 40th day after Ashura), where up to 30 million visit the holy graves. Most of the pilgrims travel on foot from all around Iraq and more than 56 countries
Hussein ibn Ali killed at Karbala. October 10 marks a signal date in Islamic history. On that day, Hussein ibn Ali, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, was defeated and killed at Karbala, in modern Iraq. His death cemented deep and lasting division among Muslims that persist to this day.
Habib Ibn Amir e Taimi - He had already paid allegiance to Husayn at the hands ofMuslim Ibn Aqeel was killed in Kufa, Habib left Kufa and joined Husayn on his way to Karbala and was killed.
It follows with the history of the Arabs before Islam, the work of the Prophet, his life and death, and events that led to the Karbala tragedy. The Battle ofKarbala is described in detail; Frashëri eulogizes those who fell as martyrs, in particular Husayn ibn Ali.
Further information
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Karbala
NAJAF, known in Arabic as al-Najaf al-Ašraf (the most noble Najaf), a town in southern Iraq and one of the most important pilgrimage destinations for the Shiʿites. ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb, the first Shiʿite Imam (and fourth Sunni caliph) is buried in the city along with graves attributed to Adam, Nuḥ (Noah), Hod, and Ṣāleḥ.
The history of Najaf is directly tied to the death of ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb and his burial site, since the city rose to prominence due to the presence of his grave. The city has been renowned as a center of scholarship and Shiʿite religious authority and has been home to many illustrious religious scholars over the past thousand years, at times, rivaling Qom as a center of Shiʿite scholarship.
The present-day city of Najaf lies next to the older Islamic garrison city of Kufa, which was founded by the Muslim army, and the even more ancient Christian Lakhmid city of Ḥīra. Najaf is located on a raised plain that overlooks a valley called Baḥr al-Najaf (the Sea of Najaf), which is a fertile, agrarian region. The Arabic term najaf refers to a hill, a place where water cannot reach, which is attributed to the city’s geographic situation on the top of an elevated plateau. In early times, Najaf was known as Ḡari, among its various names. Najaf’s origins begin with the assassination of ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb in Kufa in 40/661 by the Kharijite ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān b. Moljam. Subsequently, ʿAli was purported to have been secretly buried in Najaf to avoid having his body exhumed and desecrated by his enemies (Faḵr-al-Din, p. 188).
Despite claims made by prominent Shiʿite scholars such as Abu Jaʿfar Kolayni (d. 329/941), Shaikh Mofid (d. 413/1022), and Šarif al-Rażi (d. 406/1016), some Sunni scholars, such as Ebn Qotayba (d. 276/889), Ṭabari (d. 310/923), and Al-Ḵaṭib Baḡdādi (d. 463/1071), have contested the location of his grave over the centuries. Before ʿAli was buried in Najaf, it had been a quiet area with a few Christian monasteries and tribal-based settlements (see Ṭorayḥi for a comprehensive overview of pre-Islamic Christian heritage sites in the Najaf region). In several archeological excavations (such as the Kokushikan University Expedition to Iraq, headed by Hido Fujii between 1986 to 1989; see Okada, p. 71; Kaʿbi 2012 and 2014), numerous monasteries and other Christian heritage sites have been found in and around the modern city of Najaf, including next to the runway of the Najaf airport.
Cities are undergoing a major transformation, with heritage declining and religion and trade dominating.
Rose Aslan wrote her PhD about Najaf. This is a peer reviewed book chapter by her on Najaf: https://www.academia.edu/1117429/Najaf_Capital_of_Islamic_Culture
Dear Edith,
Thank you so much for your advice.
Regards
Edith Szanto
Dear Dr Ihsan,
Thank you for your response.
Actually, that is exactly happening in the historical city centre in (Najaf and Holy Karbala) so that I agree with you and the big question now is
Regards
Ihsan Jasim
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