Are modern scientists able to create new field of linguistics by which we can research the smallest particles of a language, and what are the measures for that if it is possible to be crated scientifically?
Traditionally phonemes are taken to be the smallest units in language that can distinguish meaning. Of course phonemes can be further decomposed into constructs such as distinctive features. Linguistic study is not like the study of physics. Linguistic study, to a considerable degree, can not be separated from the contexts in which language is implemented. My guess is that it is hard to study language in the way that we study our physical world and the universe.